Difference in concentration trends of airborne particulate matter during rush hour on weekdays and Sundays in Tokyo, Japan

Abstract

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and fine particulate matter (less than or equal to 2.5 μm: PM_2.5) have generally been decreasing for the last decade in Tokyo, Japan. To elucidate the major cause of this decrease, the authors investigated the different trends of airborne particulates (both SPM and PM_2.5 concentrations) by evaluating comparisons based on the location of the monitoring stations (roadside vs. ambient), days of the week (weekdays vs. Sundays), and daily fluctuation patterns (2002 vs. 2010). Hourly mean SPM and PM_2.5 concentrations were obtained at four monitoring stations (two roadside stations, two ambient stations) in Tokyo, Japan. Annual mean concentrations of each day of the week and of each hour of the day from 2002 to 2010 were calculated. The results showed that (1) the daily differences in annual mean concentration decreased only at the two roadside monitoring stations; (2) the high hourly mean concentrations observed on weekdays during the daily rush hour at the two roadside monitoring stations observed in 2002 diminished in 2010; (3) the SPM concentration that decreased the most since 2002 was the PM_2.5 concentration; and (4) the fluctuation of hourly concentrations during weekdays at the two roadside monitoring stations decreased. A decreasing trend of airborne particulates during the daily rush hour in Tokyo, Japan, was observed at the roadside monitoring stations on weekdays since 2002. The decreasing PM_2.5 concentration resulted in this decreasing trend of airborne particulate concentrations during the daily rush hours on weekdays, which indicates fewer emissions were produced by diesel vehicles.

Implications

The authors compared the trends of SPM and PM_2.5 in Tokyo by location (roadside vs. ambient), days of the week (weekdays vs. Sundays), and daily fluctuation patterns (2002 vs. 2010). The high hourly mean concentrations observed at the roadside location during rush hour on weekdays in 2002 diminished in 2010. The SPM concentration that decreased during rush hour the most was the PM_2.5 concentration. This significant decrease in the PM_2.5 concentration resulted in the general decreasing trend of SPM concentrations during the rush hours on weekdays, which indicates fewer emissions were produced from diesel vehicles.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Kunio Hara

Kunio Hara is a professor, Junichi Homma is a research scholar, Mariko Inoue is an associate professor (lecturer), and Eiji Yano is a professor at Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.

Junichi Homma

Kunio Hara is a professor, Junichi Homma is a research scholar, Mariko Inoue is an associate professor (lecturer), and Eiji Yano is a professor at Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.

Kenji Tamura

Kenji Tamura and Yoshinori Kondo are head researchers at National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.

Mariko Inoue

Kunio Hara is a professor, Junichi Homma is a research scholar, Mariko Inoue is an associate professor (lecturer), and Eiji Yano is a professor at Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.

Kanae Karita

Kanae Karita is an associate professor at Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Yoshinori Kondo

Kunio Hara is a professor, Junichi Homma is a research scholar, Mariko Inoue is an associate professor (lecturer), and Eiji Yano is a professor at Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.

Eiji Yano

Kunio Hara is a professor, Junichi Homma is a research scholar, Mariko Inoue is an associate professor (lecturer), and Eiji Yano is a professor at Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.