Notes
1 Over the past 15 years, 149 book reviews have appeared in Public Integrity. Only 2 (Bradbury, Citation2007; Popejoy, Citation2010) have reviewed a work of fiction, and none (until now) have chosen to examine collected editions of comic books to explore public administration.
2 Note that this casting of Tony Stark in this time period in the original Marvel comic book series differs from the casting of Tony’s father, Howard Stark who was assassinated by Bucky Barnes and HYDRA as seen in Marvel Studios 2016 film Captain America: Civil War (Bharath, Citation2020).
3 It is important to note that in the style of comics, many of the background characters are not drawn with sufficient detail to indicate race or gender with any degree of certainty. As such, in the 1960s era text, race was unable to be determined in 34% of characters pictured and sex in 36%. For the 2016 text, the rate dropped, but was not inconsequential, with the race indeterminate in 27% of the characters shown, and the sex unclear in 20%. As such, we report percentages of the total number of characters whose race and sex can be discerned.