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Abstract
The Mauthner neurons are described in Salamandra atra and Salamandra salamandra, terrestrial and viviparous urodelans. In both species of Salamandra the M cells are present in every larval stage, and in metamorphosed and adult specimens. These cells are very similar in size and aspect to those described in oviparous and aquatic Salamandridae. The functional and phyletic hypotheses, in order to justify the presence in Salamandra of this apparatus, typical of tail swimming Anamnia, are discussed.
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