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ABSTRACT
A revision of the Italian entities of Anchusa and of the related genera Anchusella, Lycopsis, Cynoglottis, Hormuzakia and Pentaglottis was carried out in view of the poor systematic knowledge of some entities of the national flora. The taxonomic treatment relies on a wide comparative basis, including macro- and micromorphological, karyological, chorological and ecological data. After a general description of some poorly known microcharacters of vegetative and reproductive structures, analytical keys, nomenclatural types, synonymies, descriptions, distribution maps and iconographies are provided for each entity. Pentaglottis (P. sempervirens) and Hormuzakia (H. aggregata) are monotypic genera, while Anchusella, Cynoglottis and Lycopsis each include two species of which only one is native to Italy: A. cretica, C. barrelieri and L. arvensis, respectively. The taxonomic autonomy of these “satellite” genera is supported by morphological, palynological and karyological evidence. In Italy Anchusa includes 9 entities: A. azurea, A. officinalis, A. undulata ssp. hybrida, A. crispa ssp. crispa and A. crispa ssp. maritima, A. sardoa, A. littorea, A. capellii and A. formosa. Some evolutionary aspects and systematic relationships of the taxa endemic to the Corso-Sardinian system are discussed in the light of phenetic, karyological and choro-ecological data.