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Abstract
In vitro tissue culture represents a useful technique for advancing Citrus breeding and propagation. Among in vitro regeneration systems, anther culture is commonly used to produce haploids and doubled haploids for a fast-track producing homozygous lines, in comparison with the traditional self-pollination approach, which involves several generations of selfing. In addition, anthers culture can produce somatic embryos that can also be used for clonal propagation. In this study, two thermal shocks were applied to the anthers of six Citrus genotypes (two clementine and four sweet oranges), just after they were put in culture. The response obtained was different depending on the genotype: both clementines, namely Hernandina and Corsica, produced homozygous and triploid regenerants (microspore-derived embryos), whereas all of the analyzed regenerants from sweet oranges, three cultivars of Tarocco and Moro, produced heterozygous and diploid regenerants similar to the parental genotypes (somatic embryos).
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank G. Russo, G. Reforgiato Recupero, and S. Recupero of the C.R.A.A.C.M. Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee for providing the majority of the Citrus bud flower samples. This work was partially supported by “Functional genomics, genetic improvement and innovation for the valorization of Citrus industry” IT-Citrus Genomics project (PON01_01623) funded by the Italian MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e dellaRicerca), PON Research and Competitiveness 2007-2013 and the UE. Thanks are due to the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for research funds (Process 2008/10203-8) and a doctoral scholarship to Jean C Cardoso (Process 2008/09928-8).