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RESEARCH PAPERS
Food Science and Technology Section

DESHIDRATACIÓN OSMÓTICA DE CASTAÑA EN MEDIOS ESTÁTICOS Y DINÁMICOS DE SAL, SACAROSA Y GLUCOSA
OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF CHESTNUT USING STATIC AND DYNAMIC MEDIA OF SALT, SUCROSE AND GLUCOSE

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Pages 117-129 | Received 26 Feb 2008, Accepted 16 Jul 2008, Published online: 02 Oct 2009
 

Abstract

Resumen

Chestnut fruits were submitted to osmotic dehydration in sodium chloride (17, 22, 26.5% w/w), sucrose (40, 50, 60% w/w) and glucose (40, 50, 56.5% w/w) solutions at different stirring rates (0, 40, 110 rpm) and periods of time (1, 2, 4, 8 h) at 20°C. The effect of temperature (50°C) was studied in the case of samples dehydrated with glucose solutions. Several parameters for each dehydration process such as solids gain, water loss, and its corresponding ratio and weight reduction, were determined. High stirring rates increased solids gain and decreased water loss and its ratio, especially in the case of solutions of high viscosity. Moisture and solids gain contents were modelled by Hawkes and Flink equation for short times and water and osmotic solute transfer coefficients were calculated. The corresponding effective coefficients of diffusion were also evaluated by means of Fick's law.

Se estudió la deshidratación osmótica de la castaña en disoluciones acuosas de sal (17, 22, 26,5% p/p), sacarosa (40, 50, 60% p/p) y glucosa (40, 50, 56,5% p/p) a diferentes grados de agitación (0, 40, 110 rpm) y tiempos (1, 2, 4, 8 h) a 20°C. En las disoluciones de glucosa se estudió el efecto de la temperatura (50°C). Se determinaron los parámetros cinéticos de ganancia de sólidos, pérdida de agua, reducción de peso y relación pérdida de agua-ganancia de sólidos. Al aumentar la agitación, aumentó la ganancia de sólidos, la pérdida de agua y disminuyó la relación entre ambos, especialmente cuando las disoluciones tuvieron elevada viscosidad. Las cinéticas de los contenidos de humedad y de sólidos se modelizaron mediante la ecuación de Hawkes y Flink para tiempos cortos. Se determinaron los coeficientes de transferencia para el agua y el soluto osmótico y los coeficientes de difusividad mediante la ley de Fick.

Palabras clave: agitación, deshidratación osmótica, parámetros cinéticos, coeficientes de transferencia de materia

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