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Original Articles

Jean Chrétien's legacy in managing Canadian‐American relations

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Pages 65-82 | Published online: 14 Mar 2011
 

Abstract

Grasping for power in the shadow of Brian Mulroney's highly unpopular support for the foreign policy of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, Jean Chrétien promised in his 1993 “Red Book” to maintain some distance from the White House, and to demonstrate more autonomy in his foreign policy. However, since the Chrétien government had much in common with the worldview of Bill Clinton, Liberal Ottawa generally kept in step with Democratic Washington, even when Lloyd Axworthy orchestrated global agreements establishing an International Criminal Court and banning anti‐personnel landmines in the face of official US disapproval. During the first four years of George W. Bush's presidency, Canada's weakened position on the bilateral front paradoxically led it to affirm greater autonomy, particularly in its refusal to support the US war with Iraq, which, we argue, remains Chrétien's most significant foreign policy legacy.

Cherchant à s'emparer du pouvoir après l'appui très impopulaire que Brian Mulroney avait donné à la politique étrangère de Ronald Reagan et de George H. W. Bush, Jean Chrétien promettait, dans le “Livre rouge” de 1993, de maintenir une certaine distance avec la Maison blanche et d'avoir une politique étrangère plus autonome. Or, comme ensuite le gouvernement Chrétien a partagé en général la vision du monde de Bill Clinton, les Libéraux eurent tendance à emboîter le pas aux démocrates de Washington, même si Lloyd Axworthy orchestrait des accords internationaux créant la Cour pénale internationale et interdisant les mines antipersonnelles contre l'avis officiel des États Unis. Durant les quatre premières années de la présidence de George W. Bush, la position affaiblie du Canada sur le front bilatéral l'a paradoxalement mené à réaffirmer son autonomie, refusant en particulier de soutenir la guerre des États Unis contre l'Irak, ce qui, d'après les auteurs, reste l'héritage le plus significatif de Chrétien en matière de politique étrangère.

Notes

Stephen Clarkson is a Professor of Political Economy at the University of Toronto where he directs a research program on transborder governance in North America. Erick Lachapelle is a Ph.D. candidate studying international and comparative political economy at the University of Toronto.

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