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Articles

Reforming the United Nations Security Council, Canadian style: the Trudeau era and beyond

 

ABSTRACT

This essay draws on Canadian archival evidence to examine three Canadian initiatives to promote reform within the United Nations Security Council (UNSC): an effort to institutionalize meetings of council foreign ministers in 1977, one to broaden the Security Council’s mandate in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and Ottawa’s inconsistent attitude toward UNSC enlargement. The Canadian experience reveals both the limitations and the possibilities of non-permanent member and non-member influence on the UNSC in an era of increasing globalization. In short, reform is difficult. Non-permanent members must arrive at the council with a concrete plan, pursue that plan comprehensively, and aim to institute changes that can be sustained without their presence. What came to be known as the human security agenda – an attempt to institutionalize a broader understanding of international security for a post-colonial world – in the mid-1990s ultimately fit those criteria; the other initiatives did not.

RÉSUMÉ

Cet essai exploite des documents d’archives canadiennes pour examiner trois initiatives canadiennes visant à promouvoir des réformes au sein du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies (CSNU) : une tentative d’institutionnalisation des rencontres des ministres des Affaires étrangères du Conseil en 1977, une autre pour élargir le mandat du Conseil de sécurité à la fin des années 80 et au début des années 90, et l’attitude incohérente d’Ottawa vis-à-vis d’un élargissement du CSNU. L’expérience canadienne révèle à la fois les limites et les possibilités des membres non permanents, et l’influence des États non membres sur le CSNU, à l’ère d’une mondialisation croissante. En bref, la réforme est difficile. Les membres non permanents doivent arriver au Conseil avec un plan concret, poursuivre ce plan de manière exhaustive, et viser à instituer des changements qui peuvent perdurer en leur absence. Ce qui a été qualifié de programme d’action pour la sécurité humaine – une tentative d’institutionnalisation d’une compréhension plus large de la sécurité internationale pour un monde postcolonial – au milieu des années 90 a finalement répondu à ces critères ; tel n’a pas été le cas des autres initiatives.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

Adam Chapnick is a professor of Defence Studies, Canadian Forces College and Royal Military College of Canada.

Notes

1 The DEA revived the idea briefly in anticipation of Canada's 1989–1990 council term but, again, the initiative could not obtain sufficient external support.

2 The appendix is titled “Canada on the UN Security Council: 1989–90: the first year – an overview.”

3 The lecture was given on 30 October 1998.

4 The document cited is Memorandum to Cabinet: Third Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, 8 September 1948.

5 A Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Calgary South then serving as part of Canada's UN delegation.

6 For details see Chapnick (Citation2006).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

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