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Articles

Impacts of livestock grazing on vegetation characteristics and soil chemical properties of alpine meadows in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Pages 107-118 | Received 25 Jul 2019, Accepted 27 Nov 2019, Published online: 08 Jan 2020
 

ABSTRACT

Livestock grazing is one of the significant causes of land degradation. However, the effect of contrasting grazing intensities on soil properties and vegetation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is poorly understood. We studied the impact of light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG) and no grazing (NG) on vegetation characteristics and the chemical properties of soil samples taken at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm layers from the designated grazing treatments. A total of 42 species representing 32 genera and 16 families were identified. Our result shows that HG significantly reduced total aboveground biomass, vegetation cover, canopy average height, but increased unpalatable aboveground biomass. Soil organic matter declined with increasing grazing intensity and respectively decreased to 64.51%, 65.38% and 82.40% for LG, MG and HG compared to the NG treatment and soil carbon storage exhibited a similar pattern. Soil total nitrogen and phosphorus contents decreased with increasing soil depth, while soil total potassium was not affected by grazing across soil depths. We conclude that 1 yak would have a more severe impact than 3 sheep units on the vegetation community and soil characteristics of alpine meadows in the southeastern QTP.

RÉSUMÉ

Le broutement par le bétail est une des principales causes de dégradation du sol. Toutefois, l’effet d’intensités de broutement contrastées sur les propriétés du sol et la végétation est mal connu dans le sud-est du Plateau de Qinghai tibétain. Nous avons étudié l’impact d’un broutement léger (LG), modéré (MG), et sévère (HG) ainsi que l’absence de broutement (NG) sur les caractéristiques de la végétation et les propriétés chimiques d’échantillons de sol prélevés à 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm et 20-30 cm. Un total de 42 espèces représentant 32 genres et 16 familles ont été identifiées. Nos résultats montrent que HG réduisait significativement la biomasse aérienne totale, le recouvrement végétal, la hauteur moyenne du couvert, mais augmentait la biomasse aérienne non comestible. La matière organique du sol diminuait avec l’augmentation de l’intensité de broutement, respectivement de 64,51%, 65,38% et 82,40% pour LG, MG et HG comparativement à NG. La captation de carbone par les sol suivait un patron similaire. L’azote et le phosphore totaux diminuaient avec l’augmentation de la profondeur du sol, tandis que la quantité de potassium n’était pas affectée par le broutement à différentes profondeurs dans le sol. Nous concluons que 1 yak pourrait avoir un impact plus sévère que 3 moutons sur les communautés végétales et les caractéristiques des prairies alpines dans le sud-est du Plateau Qinghai tibétain.

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Tao Liu for assistance in setting up the experiment.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China [2014CB138801, 2014CB138806], National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China [41401264], Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia [2016MS0377] and Fundamental Research Funds of Central Nonprofit Research Institutes [1610332015005]. This study was also supported by the Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology and Restoration, Ministry of Agriculture.

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