178
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Factors influencing the distributions of two endangered lichens in Nova Scotia, Canada

ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 345-361 | Received 09 Mar 2022, Accepted 24 Sep 2022, Published online: 09 Oct 2022
 

ABSTRACT

The lichens Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M. Jørg. and Erioderma mollissimum (G. Sampaio) Du Rietz are endangered species in Canada. Both species are obligate epiphytes found in forested wetlands near the Atlantic Coast. They are thought to be primarily threatened by logging and acid pollution, but the influence of these factors has not been examined at large-extents or relative to other habitat features. Critical habitat for protection has remained difficult to define beyond observed occurrences, because of the low accuracy of existing habitat models. To facilitate improved recovery planning and understanding of their ecology in the province of Nova Scotia, we created high-resolution distribution models for both species, incorporating elements of climate, forest composition, hydrology, acid pollution, and anthropogenic influence using the MaxEnt algorithm and a backwards stepwise selection process. The most important predictors were related to rainfall or an oceanic moderation of thermal optima. Depth to water table and the presence of suitable forest composition were also included, as was distance from roads for E. pedicellatum. The putative threats, acid pollution and silvicultural treatment, were not important and therefore excluded from models. Although both species have highly specific habitat requirements, E. pedicellatum appears to be more sensitive to human activities.

Résumé

Les lichens Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M. Jørg. et Erioderma mollissimum (G. Sampaio) Du Rietz sont des espèces en péril au Canada. Ce sont des épiphytes obligatoires trouvées dans les milieux humides boisés près de la côte atlantique. Les deux espèces seraient menacées principalement par la coupe forestière et la pollution acide, mais l’influence de ces facteurs n’a pas été étudiée à grande échelle ou comparativement à d’autres caractéristiques d’habitat. Il demeure difficile de définir les habitats critiques pour la protection, au-delà des observations, en raison de la faible précision des modèles d’habitat existants. Pour faciliter la planification de la restauration et une meilleure compréhension de l’écologie des deux espèces dans la province de la Nouvelle-Écosse, nous avons créé des modèles de répartition à haute résolution, incluant des variables climatiques, de composition forestière, hydrologiques, de pollution acide et anthropiques en utilisant un algorithme MaxEnt et un processus de sélection régressive pas-à-pas. Les variables les plus importantes étaient liées à la pluie ou à la modération océanique des optimums thermiques. La profondeur de la nappe phréatique et la présence d’une composition forestière appropriée étaient aussi incluses, de même que la distance aux routes pour E. pedicellatum. Les menaces appréhendées (pollution acide et traitements sylvicoles) n’étaient pas importantes et ont par conséquent été exclues des modèles. Bien que les deux espèces aient des exigences d’habitat hautement spécifiques, E. pedicellatum semble plus sensible aux activités humaines.

Acknowledgments

Saint Mary’s University provided administrative support throughout. We thank several colleagues for sharing their data: James Churchill (Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre) and Brad Toms (Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute) provided us with presence data for Erioderma lichens, as well as target sampling group lichen data that were used as absences; Dr Paul Arp (University of New Brunswick) and Ian Demerchant (Canadian Forest Service) provided us with the acid critical threshold exceedance data for Nova Scotia.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplemental data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2022.2129527

Additional information

Funding

This work would not have been possible without the financial support which we gratefully acknowledge here. SRH received stipend support from Port Hawkesbury Paper and Mitacs (in 2018), as well as from the Nova Scotia Museum (in 2019 and 2020). LG received stipend support through a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada’s Discovery Grant (to KAH).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.