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Research Article

Temporal and spatial variation in extrafloral nectar and associated ants in Canavalia rosea (Fabaceae) on coastal dunes along the Gulf of Mexico

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Pages 247-257 | Received 20 Sep 2023, Accepted 03 Jan 2024, Published online: 17 Jan 2024
 

ABSTRACT

Extrafloral nectar production can vary depending on the structure of the plant in which it is found, as well as environmental conditions. This can in turn influence plant-ant interactions. We evaluated the role of extrafloral nectaries of Canavalia rosea as ant attractants in a coastal zone of the Gulf of Mexico. We compared the productivity of the extrafloral nectaries present on leaves and inflorescences, as well as between day and night, and described the associated ant community. Nectar volume and concentration were higher in inflorescences than in leaves, and the rate of ant visitation was higher in inflorescences during the day. These results suggest congruence with the Optimal Defense Hypothesis. Nectar volume was generally greater during the night in both structures, but sugar concentration did not differ between day and night. We found a turnover in the ant species visiting C. rosea, with S. geminata being the most abundant species. The extrafloral nectar of C. rosea attracts several ant species and probably other arthropods, providing a valuable resource in a stressful system.

Résumé

La production de nectar extrafloral peut varier selon la structure de la plante et les conditions environnementales, ce qui peut influencer les interactions plante-fourmis. Nous avons évalué le rôle des nectars extrafloraux de Canavalia rosea comme attractifs à fourmis dans une zone côtière du Golfe du Mexique. Nous avons comparé la production de nectars extrafloraux par les feuilles et les inflorescences, le jour et la nuit, et nous avons décrit les communautés de fourmis associées. Le volume et la concentration de nectar étaient plus élevés dans les inflorescences que dans les feuilles, et le taux de visite par des fourmis était plus élevé dans les inflorescences durant le jour. Ces résultats sont en accord avec l’hypothèse de défense optimale. Le volume de nectar était généralement plus élevé durant la nuit dans les deux structures. mais la concentration en sucre ne différait pas entre le jour et la nuit. Nous avons observé un roulement des espèces de fourmis visitant C. rosea, avec S. geminata comme espèce la plus abondante. Le nectar extrafloral de C. rosea attire plusieurs espèces de fourmis et possiblement d’autres arthropodes, fournissant des ressources utiles dans un environnement stressant

Acknowledgments

We thank the staff of the Biological Station of La Mancha for providing all the facilities necessary to conduct this study. Thanks go to Dora Luz Martínez (INECOL) for ant identification. We thank Ricardo E. Vicente for his review. We also thank the reviewers and editors for their valuable comments, and Keith MacMillan for helping with the English version.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by financial resources provided by Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) (20030-11315 to AAJ) and Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencia y Tecnología (CONAHCyT) [Master scholarship 291025 granted to EYNU].

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