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Original Articles

Reconstruction of Post-resettlement Gender Relations: The Kenyah-Badeng of Sungai Asap, Sarawak, Malaysia

Pages 122-147 | Published online: 04 Jan 2016
 

Abstract

Involuntary resettlement has gendered implications for displaced households and require the renegotiation of gender roles, which this paper is focused upon. The Bakun Hydro-electric project (BHEP) in Sarawak, Malaysia has displaced many indigenous people from their homes and traditional livelihoods. The Kenyah Badeng, one of the displaced indigenous communities, struggles with rising issues of poverty after their relocation to the resettlement known as Sungai Asap. Many men have migrated to urban areas as a result of the economic problems they and their families face at the resettlement. Migration and emigration provide a platform for renegotiation of gender roles because the men leave their wives to deal with multiple roles (reproductive and productive), including making some crucial decisions with regard to resettlement, such as the development of infrastructure, public facilities and school buildings. Although migrating out of the resettlement enables men to seek employment, this is not an option for the women who are left behind with children and old parents. Thus, women struggle and face challenges to provide food and care, yet they are powerless when it comes to making crucial decisions regarding issues for the betterment of their households and surroundings.

Abstract in Malay

Implikasi berasaskan gender yang dihadapi oleh isirumah-isirumah disebabkan oleh penempatan semula secara paksa yang menyebabkan perubahan ke atas peranan gender merupakan focus utama kertas kerja ini. Bakun Hydro-electric project (BHEP) di Sarawak, Malaysia telah menyisihkan orang asal dari kehidupan traditional dan kampung-kampung mereka. Komuniti Kenyah Badeng, salah satu kumpulan orang asal yang tersisih terpaksa merana dan berusaha bertungkus-lumus menghadapi isu-isu kemiskinan yang semakin menular selepas ditempatkan semula di Sg. Asap. Ramai go-longan lelaki berhijrah ke kawasa perbandaran untuk mengatasi situasi masalah ekonomi mereka. Migrasi and emigrasi telah memberikan satu pelantar untuk mengubah peranan gender kerana suami-suami berhijrah meninggalkan isteri-isteri di rumah denganb pelbagai tanggung jawab dan pernan (reproduktif dan produktif), termasuk membuat keputusan yang sangat genting berhubungan dengan isu-isu yang timbulk di sekitar kawasan penempatan semula berkenaan. Walaupun migrasi keluar terlah membolehkan golongan lelaki untuk mendapatkan kerja, tetapi tidak sebegitu halnya dengan golongan wanita yang harus menjaga anak-anak dan orang tua di rumah. Oleh yang demikian, wanita-wanita bertungkus-lumus menghadapi cabaran-cabaran kehiduapan dan keperluan yang segera seperti makanan dan penjagaan tetapi mereka masih tidak mempunyai kuasa untuk membuat keputusan apabila mendekati isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan persoalan pembaikan dan peningkatan taraf kehidupan di kawasan penempatan semula berkenaan.

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