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Articles

The effects of expanded universal childcare support and working mothers in Korea

 

Abstract

Despite a tenfold increase in Korean public spending on childcare over the past decade, the effect on reducing the burden for employed women has been a subject of intense criticism. This study uses national childcare survey data from 2004 and 2012 to examine how the difference in childcare costs of working and non-working mothers has changed and how the financial burden on working mothers is increasing. Although differences in costs for the two groups were found to have decreased slightly, many households with working mothers were found to have given up public support services and ended up spending more on private child services. The private financial burden was found to be greater for the category of highly educated women. The results suggest that public support should be designed in a way that takes the mothers’ employment into account, while improvements are made in the quality of childcare services.

Abstract in Korean

지난 10여년간 보육지원을 위한 공적재원의 투입이 10배 이상 증가했음에도 불구하고 취업여성의 양육부담에 미친 효과에 관해서는 비판적인 평가가 이루어지고 있다. 특히 2000년대 후반 정치권의 주도로 보육지원이 확대되고 보육수요가 급증하면서 오히려 취업모의 어린이집 이용이 어려워지고 차별의 대상이 된다는 문제점도 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 2004년과 2012년 보육실태조사를 이용해 공적지원이 급증한 시기 동안 취업모와 미취업모의 보육비용 차이가 변화했는지 여부와 취업모가 추가적 부담을 지는 경로를 고찰했고, 이러한 현상의 계층별 함의를 분석했다. 이 기간 동안 취업모과 미취업모의 보육비용 차이는 소폭 감소한 것으로 나타났으나, 아예 공적지원을 포기하고 사보육 시장을 이용하거나 공적지원과 사보육을 병행해 사적부담이 증가하는 취업모 가구가 광범위하게 관찰되었다. 특히 사적부담의 증가나 취업여부에 따른 보육비용 차이는 고학력 여성에게서 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 취업여부를 고려한 보육지원이 이루어져 실질적으로 취업여성의 보육비용을 감소시켜야 하는 것과 함께 보육서비스의 질이 개선되어야 할 필요성도 가리키고 있다.

Notes on Contributor

Heesuk YUN is the Director of the Department of Public Finance and Social Policy at Korea Development Institute (KDI). She holds a BA & MA in Economics from Seoul National University and a PhD in Economics from Columbia University in the US. She has worked on many issues regarding welfare policy and health policy. Her latest research works include “Nine Observations about Korean Childcare Support and Their Policy Implications (2014) and “Universalism versus Selectivism in Welfare Policy” (2011).

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