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ABSTRACT
Some results concerning the reconstruction of barley karyotype are presented and discussed with respect to their used in genetic and breeding studies aimed at chromosome manipulation based improvement of this plant crop. It is shown that structural rearrangements can be used as cytological markers for the identification of the individual chromosomes. The different aspects of the application of cytologically marked karyotypes in the plant cytogenetics and chromosome engineering are also described. A special emphasis is laid to the use of reconstructed karyotypes as a model system in physical mapping of genes and DNA sequences.