Canine Distemper Situation in Bulgaria

ABSTRACT

Canine Distemper reappeared in dogs in Bulgaria in 1992 after 10-year absence. From 1992 till now the disease occurred in all areas of the country especially in those with high-density dog population. The estimated total number of cases was at least 3000 and 1214 cases were confirmed by laboratory techniques at the Central Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia. The clinical picture ranged from conjunctivitis, pyrexia and anorexia to signs of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness, with 45% mortality. For laboratory diagnosis a direct immunofluorescence method on frozen sections of different parenchymal organs from dead dog have been used. We also used a new method for detection of viral antigen in urine samples from diseased dogs. The control of Canine Distemper can realistically be only by use of vaccination. We compared the effect of application of two commercial vaccines. The conclusion can be drawn that epidemiological situation in Bulgaria is very bad, because of the big number of street dogs which are not vaccinated. For safety of the domestic pets regular annual vaccination is strongly recommended.