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ABSTRACT
Common diseases in man often have a genetic component. The risk for a carrier of alleles predisposing to some type of multifactorial disease to develop the disease is greater than it is for a non-carrier of the allele and proportional to the weight of the genetic component in the etiogenesis of the disease. Knowledge of carriership of high-risk alleles allows the individual to make informed choices about lifestyle and occupation and to ensure detection and timely intervention early in the pathological process. Also, specific features of the genetic background may play a major role when choosing between different therapeutic modalities.
This paper presents the second part of an overview of the state of the art in the field of risk assessment for predisposition to human disease. A selection of genetic markers for disease predisposition is listed, including markers for inherited cardiac pathology, bone health, cancer-proneness and for traits related to individual eligibility for certain therapies. The role of genetic background is also discussed in aspect not related to disease but, rather, to physical fitness in healthy individuals.