![Sample our Food Science & Technology journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5936/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Food-Science-Technology.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
During the life of a cell, its DNA is subjected to numerous insults that affect its structure and lead to mutations or cell death. To cope with the problem cells have developed mechanisms to repair the damage and to restore the genetic information encoded in DNA. The ability of cells to survive genotoxic stress is directly connected with their ability to repair DNA. For this reason repair capacity and repair rates are important biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic value that are used in environmental research and medicine. In the present paper we briefly describe the major types of DNA damage, the different repair pathways that have evolved to repair damaged DNA, and review the methods used to measure the repair rates and repair capacity of cells and organisms.