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Abstract
What is the best way to manage water and nutrients when providing water services for urban developments in Melbourne? Melbourne, as with most other major cities in Australia, is facing stresses on its water supply and degradation of receiving water bodies due to stormwater and wastewater discharges. Urban developments need to address these concerns, however there is still much debate regarding which service provision combinations are preferable. This paper seeks to clarify urban water servicing design principles for conservation of water supplies and prevention of eutrophication. Two developments have been studied: (i) Kalkallo, a representative greenfield site, and (ii) Box Hill, a representative multi-storey brownfield site. Various water and sewerage servicing options, with varying levels of end use management, have been assessed by undertaking water and contaminant balances. Results have demonstrated a self-sufficient residential supply without connection to water mains sacrifices reliability. Reclaimed water stores require significantly less land than stormwater stores placed under the same demand, however stormwater stores more effectively reduce eutrophication risks in Port Philip Bay, the bay Melbourne surrounds. On-site reclaimed water systems are ideally suited to apartment towers because of minimal storage size requirements. End use efficiency should always be a priority for conserving water
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Notes on contributors
A Grant
Andrew Grant is a Research Engineer working for CSIRO Land and Water. Andrew holds a Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) from the University of Melbourne and has been working in urban water management since 2000. He spent over 3 years working for Melbourne Water and joined CSIRO in late 2003. His primary research areas are Integrated Urban Water Management and Water Sensitive Urban Design.
A Sharma
Ashok Sharma is an Urban Water Designer with CSIRO Land and Water. He holds a PhD in Civil Engineering and is a Fellow of Engineers Australia and also a Chartered Professional Engineer. He has 20 years experience in research, teaching and industry related to water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure, sustainability assessment, water quality, hydraulic modelling, total water cycle modelling and sustainable water systems.
V G Mitchell
Grace Mitchell is a Senior Research Fellow with the Institute for Sustainable Water Resources, within the Department of Civil Engineering at Monash University (Australia). Grace has a Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) (Hon) from Canterbury University (NZ), a PhD from Monash University and over 10 years experience in the field of urban water management. She specialises in the emerging field of Integrated Urban Water Management and leads a number of large, multi-disciplinary, collaborative research projects in this field. She is also the Deputy Program Leader of the eWater CRC Water Management Research Program.
T Grant
Tim Grant is the Assistant Director at the Centre for Design at RMIT University in Melbourne. He has 10 years experience developing and applying life cycle assesment (LCA) with a wide range of companies and organisations. Tim’s experience in LCA cuts across different sectors including water, electricity production, fuels, waste management, basic materials, manufactured products, services, buildings and office machines. Tim is an Adjunct Research Fellow with CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research and is the Secretary of the Australian LCA Society. Tim Grant has a Bachelor of Applied Science in Environmental Assessment and a Masters of Engineering in Cleaner Production .
F Pamminger
Francis Pamminger is the Strategic Water Services Planner at Yarra Valley Water. He has 26 years experience in the water industry. Francis has an undergraduate degree in Civil Engineering and post graduate qualifications in Engineering and Water Supply, Water Resources, and Business. He has a diverse range of professional experience spanning groundwater projects, flood studies, yield analyses, and environmental flows, before starting in the urban water industry. Francis has now been with Yarra Valley Water for ten years and in that time has also been the Asset Manager and Water Quality Manager.