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Abstract
Women's rights to land and participation in land distribution processes in rural Mexico have not been seriously documented. Most studies focusing on forms of land ownership and peasant organisation in the country see the peasantry as a homogeneous category or emphasize class divisions only.Footnote1 This is also true for Latin America as a whole. Except for the series of papers contained in the book edited by Carmen Deere and Magdalena Léon de LealFootnote2 and a handful of independent articles published mostly by women scholars, most research on agrarian reform in Latin American neglects gender issues. This is particularly striking if we consider the enormous impact of land reform on the social, economic and political life of virtually every country in the region.Footnote3
See, for example, Miguel Díaz Barriga, ‘The politics of urban expansion in Mexico City: a case study of ejido urbanization in the Ajusco Foothills, 1938–1990’, Urban Anthropology, 243–4 (Fall-Winter 1995); Teresa de Paula, ‘Reformas al artículo 27 constitucional y la modernización rural’, Alteridades: Revista de Antropologia, 1:2, 1991; Kirsten Appendini, ‘La modernización en el campo y el future del campesinado: iniciamos el debate de los noventa’, Estudios Sociólogicos, 10:29 (May-August 1992); Mario Ramírez Rancano, ‘La oligarquia agraria de Tlaxcala en los años setenta’, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 50:1 (January-March, 1988) and ‘La organization obrera y campesina en Tlaxcala durante el Cardenismo’, Revista Mexicans de Sociología, 543 (July-September 1992); Daniel Nugent, ‘Revolutionary posturing, bourgeois land “reform”: reflections on the agrarian reform in northern Mexico’, Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, Capital et Société, 24:1 (April 1991); Othón Baños Ramirez, ‘Los nuevos campesinos de México. El caatán’, Estudios Sociológicos, 6:17 (May-August 1988); Sergio Zermeño, ‘Ocoyac: triunfo de la politica’, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 49:4 (October-December 1987).
Carmen Diana Deere, and Magdalena León de Leal (eds.) Rural women and state policy in Latin America, Boulder, Westview Press, 1987.
See, for example Mario Rizo Zeledón, ‘Etnicidad, legalidad y demanda de las comunidades indígenas del norte, centre y pacífico de Nicaragua’, América Indígena, 53:1–2 (January-June 1993); Laura J. Enríquez, and Magdalena Llanes, ‘Back to the land: the political dilemmas of agrarian refom in Nicaragua’ Social Problems, 40:2 (May 1993); Jim Handy, ‘National policy, agrarian reform and the corporate community during the Guatemalan revolution, 1944–1954’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 30:4 (October 1988); Gerrit Huizer, ‘Land invasion as a non-violent strategy of peasant rebellion: some cases from Latin America’, Journal of Peace Research, 9:2, 1972; Stephen Kidd, ‘Los indígenas del Paraguay durante la transición,’ Revista Paraguaya de Sociología, 319 (May-August 1994); T. L. Leatherman, ‘Health implications of changing agrarian economies in the southern Andes’, Human Organization, 534 (Winter 1994); J. S. Luerssen, ‘Landlessness, health, and the failures of reform in the Peruvian highlands’, Human Organization, 53:4 (Winter 1994); Carrie Meyer, ‘Agrarian reform in the Dominican Republic: an associative solution to the collective/individua1 dilemma’, World Development, 17:8 (August 1989); Anthony Pereira, ‘Agrarian reform and the rural workers' unions of the Pernambuco sugar zone, Brazil 1985–1988’, Journal of Development Areas, 26:2 (January 1992); William C. Thiesenhusen, ‘Incomes on some agrarian reform asentamientos in Panama’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 35:4 (July 1987); Tom Brass, ‘Cargos and conflict: the fiesta system and capitalist development in eastern Peru’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 13:3 (April 1986); Alain de Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet, ‘A study in resistance to institutional change: the lost game of Latin American land reform’, World Development, 17:9 (September 1989).
See, for example, Miguel Díaz Barriga, ‘The politics of urban expansion in Mexico City: a case study of ejido urbanization in the Ajusco Foothills, 1938–1990’, Urban Anthropology, 243–4 (Fall-Winter 1995); Teresa de Paula, ‘Reformas al artículo 27 constitucional y la modernización rural’, Alteridades: Revista de Antropologia, 1:2, 1991; Kirsten Appendini, ‘La modernización en el campo y el future del campesinado: iniciamos el debate de los noventa’, Estudios Sociólogicos, 10:29 (May-August 1992); Mario Ramírez Rancano, ‘La oligarquia agraria de Tlaxcala en los años setenta’, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 50:1 (January-March, 1988) and ‘La organization obrera y campesina en Tlaxcala durante el Cardenismo’, Revista Mexicans de Sociología, 543 (July-September 1992); Daniel Nugent, ‘Revolutionary posturing, bourgeois land “reform”: reflections on the agrarian reform in northern Mexico’, Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, Capital et Société, 24:1 (April 1991); Othón Baños Ramirez, ‘Los nuevos campesinos de México. El caatán’, Estudios Sociológicos, 6:17 (May-August 1988); Sergio Zermeño, ‘Ocoyac: triunfo de la politica’, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 49:4 (October-December 1987).
Carmen Diana Deere, and Magdalena León de Leal (eds.) Rural women and state policy in Latin America, Boulder, Westview Press, 1987.
See, for example Mario Rizo Zeledón, ‘Etnicidad, legalidad y demanda de las comunidades indígenas del norte, centre y pacífico de Nicaragua’, América Indígena, 53:1–2 (January-June 1993); Laura J. Enríquez, and Magdalena Llanes, ‘Back to the land: the political dilemmas of agrarian refom in Nicaragua’ Social Problems, 40:2 (May 1993); Jim Handy, ‘National policy, agrarian reform and the corporate community during the Guatemalan revolution, 1944–1954’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 30:4 (October 1988); Gerrit Huizer, ‘Land invasion as a non-violent strategy of peasant rebellion: some cases from Latin America’, Journal of Peace Research, 9:2, 1972; Stephen Kidd, ‘Los indígenas del Paraguay durante la transición,’ Revista Paraguaya de Sociología, 319 (May-August 1994); T. L. Leatherman, ‘Health implications of changing agrarian economies in the southern Andes’, Human Organization, 534 (Winter 1994); J. S. Luerssen, ‘Landlessness, health, and the failures of reform in the Peruvian highlands’, Human Organization, 53:4 (Winter 1994); Carrie Meyer, ‘Agrarian reform in the Dominican Republic: an associative solution to the collective/individua1 dilemma’, World Development, 17:8 (August 1989); Anthony Pereira, ‘Agrarian reform and the rural workers' unions of the Pernambuco sugar zone, Brazil 1985–1988’, Journal of Development Areas, 26:2 (January 1992); William C. Thiesenhusen, ‘Incomes on some agrarian reform asentamientos in Panama’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 35:4 (July 1987); Tom Brass, ‘Cargos and conflict: the fiesta system and capitalist development in eastern Peru’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 13:3 (April 1986); Alain de Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet, ‘A study in resistance to institutional change: the lost game of Latin American land reform’, World Development, 17:9 (September 1989).
Notes
See, for example, Miguel Díaz Barriga, ‘The politics of urban expansion in Mexico City: a case study of ejido urbanization in the Ajusco Foothills, 1938–1990’, Urban Anthropology, 243–4 (Fall-Winter 1995); Teresa de Paula, ‘Reformas al artículo 27 constitucional y la modernización rural’, Alteridades: Revista de Antropologia, 1:2, 1991; Kirsten Appendini, ‘La modernización en el campo y el future del campesinado: iniciamos el debate de los noventa’, Estudios Sociólogicos, 10:29 (May-August 1992); Mario Ramírez Rancano, ‘La oligarquia agraria de Tlaxcala en los años setenta’, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 50:1 (January-March, 1988) and ‘La organization obrera y campesina en Tlaxcala durante el Cardenismo’, Revista Mexicans de Sociología, 543 (July-September 1992); Daniel Nugent, ‘Revolutionary posturing, bourgeois land “reform”: reflections on the agrarian reform in northern Mexico’, Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, Capital et Société, 24:1 (April 1991); Othón Baños Ramirez, ‘Los nuevos campesinos de México. El caatán’, Estudios Sociológicos, 6:17 (May-August 1988); Sergio Zermeño, ‘Ocoyac: triunfo de la politica’, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 49:4 (October-December 1987).
Carmen Diana Deere, and Magdalena León de Leal (eds.) Rural women and state policy in Latin America, Boulder, Westview Press, 1987.
See, for example Mario Rizo Zeledón, ‘Etnicidad, legalidad y demanda de las comunidades indígenas del norte, centre y pacífico de Nicaragua’, América Indígena, 53:1–2 (January-June 1993); Laura J. Enríquez, and Magdalena Llanes, ‘Back to the land: the political dilemmas of agrarian refom in Nicaragua’ Social Problems, 40:2 (May 1993); Jim Handy, ‘National policy, agrarian reform and the corporate community during the Guatemalan revolution, 1944–1954’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 30:4 (October 1988); Gerrit Huizer, ‘Land invasion as a non-violent strategy of peasant rebellion: some cases from Latin America’, Journal of Peace Research, 9:2, 1972; Stephen Kidd, ‘Los indígenas del Paraguay durante la transición,’ Revista Paraguaya de Sociología, 319 (May-August 1994); T. L. Leatherman, ‘Health implications of changing agrarian economies in the southern Andes’, Human Organization, 534 (Winter 1994); J. S. Luerssen, ‘Landlessness, health, and the failures of reform in the Peruvian highlands’, Human Organization, 53:4 (Winter 1994); Carrie Meyer, ‘Agrarian reform in the Dominican Republic: an associative solution to the collective/individua1 dilemma’, World Development, 17:8 (August 1989); Anthony Pereira, ‘Agrarian reform and the rural workers' unions of the Pernambuco sugar zone, Brazil 1985–1988’, Journal of Development Areas, 26:2 (January 1992); William C. Thiesenhusen, ‘Incomes on some agrarian reform asentamientos in Panama’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 35:4 (July 1987); Tom Brass, ‘Cargos and conflict: the fiesta system and capitalist development in eastern Peru’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 13:3 (April 1986); Alain de Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet, ‘A study in resistance to institutional change: the lost game of Latin American land reform’, World Development, 17:9 (September 1989).