Split infinitives across World Englishes: a corpus-based investigation

ABSTRACT

This article investigates split infinitives in 12 World Englishes using Kachru’s concentric circles framework. Beginning with a brief description of split infinitives, the article explores two significant aspects of splitting: the most common ‘breakers’, and split infinitive use across different genres and domains. Sourcing from the International Corpus of English, findings reveal that split infinitive use in Inner Circle and Outer Circle Englishes both exhibit similarities and differences. The seemingly contradicting data indicate that the split between Inner and Outer Circle Englishes is not as defined as Kachru initially hypothesized, but overlapping. While the similarities can partially be attributed to the prevailing first language (L1) prescriptive norms in the Outer Circle, the perceptible divergences in split infinitive use are mainly argued to involve subconscious substratum transfer and identity-formation processes; the deviations from L1 norms can be viewed as a sign of nativization and, perhaps, differentiation from their ex-colonizers or settlers’ English(es).

KEYWORDS:

• Corpus description
• Kachru’s concentric circles
• language variation and change
• split infinitives
• substratum and identity theory

Acknowledgements

Portions of this article have been presented at the 10th International Conference of the Asian Association for Lexicography, Century Park Hotel, Manila, the Philippines (Gonzales & Dita, 2016) and more recently in special lectures in De La Salle University (Manila) and National University (Sampaloc, Manila). The authors are grateful for the comments and suggestions provided by the audience. All errors made hereafter are the authors’ own.

Notes

1. This example has been lifted from Marshall E. Gass’ (2015) book Maririlag na mga Hagod ng Brotsa published by Xlibris Corporation.