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Abstract
Desertification has been widely recognized as a major environmental and ecological problem facing humanity today. Combating desertification is a global challenge for sustainable development and requires collective action involving government, local communities, businesses, NGOs, and international organizations. Scholars' role in this important endeavor and their mechanisms of participation, however, has received little attention in the mainstream discourse concerning global desertification control. Comparing and contrasting 30 case studies around the world, our study suggests that successful scholar-participated governance needs to satisfy seven design principles: (i) sustained participation of field-based scholars; (ii) federal organizational structure and concrete and stratified roles; (iii) democratic and collaborative management with strictly implemented mechanisms of awards and sanctions; (iv) consistent local scholar entrepreneurship; (v) realization of expected benefits; (vi) experiment–extension methods; and (vii) reliable external support. The better satisfied these principles are, the more successful is the effort to combat desertification. These findings provide evidence that stronger proactive participation of scientists and practitioners is urgently needed to tackle pressing environmental problems such as desertification.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank G. Zhiyong Lan, Christopher M. Clark, Ronald Perry, and R. F. ‘Rick’ Shangraw for their helpful suggestions and constructive criticisms. In particular, we thank Professor Elinor Ostrom, who reviewed the first and second versions of this article and gave us some very help suggestions and comments. Also, we thank Vincent Ostrom; his thoughts influenced some ideas in this article.