Historical evidence of climatic variability and changes, and its effect on high-altitude regions: insights from Rara and Langtang, Nepal

ABSTRACT

Climatic variability and its effects have been experienced in the high-altitude regions of Nepal for some considerable time. Most of the studies on local people’s perception available so far in Nepal on climate include with respect to weather changes, and almost none have been verified with satellite imagery. This study thus attempts to combine meteorological and satellite imagery for comparing local people’s perception so that a more robust validation can be established. Both qualitative (transect walk, key informant interview, focus group discussion and institutional visit) and quantitative (meteorological and satellite image) data and techniques were employed. Local people from Rara and Langtang in Nepal shared their observations and perceptions on the changing climate for the last three decades and the effects on them and their local microclimate. Apart from temperature, rainfall and snowfall anomalies, locals observed changes in the water sources and increasing drought along with alteration in the phenology of tree and agricultural crops as well as vegetation range migration. Satellite image analysis also confirms a change in snow cover as notified by the local people. This study shows that local people’s knowledge could be considered as a complement to the observed scientific evidences of climate change science and their perceptions can be used reliably where scientific data are lacking. Finally, perceived climatic risks, current gaps and future opportunities are discussed and some recommendations are suggested.

KEYWORDS:

• Climate variability and changes
• perception
• high-altitude region
• Nepal

Acknowledgments

Financial assistance obtained from the University of New England to carry out this research is highly acknowledged. The authors are indebted to all the respondents of both Rara and Langtang regions who have participated and provided their valuable information and time during KIIs and FGDs. They equally appreciate prefield information provided by Mr. Bhogendra Raymajhi for Rara and Mr Ramesh Basnet and Tempa Tshiring Tamang for Langtang region. Finally, they would like to thank the Department of Wildlife and National Park, Babarmahal for granting research permission to carry out this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.