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ABSTRACT
This paper seeks to determine the sufficiency of existing waste management and biopower policies that support the proliferation of biopower projects. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) using crisp-set analysis (csQCA) methods is used to answer the question – to what extent is an existing policy deemed sufficient based on the success or otherwise of a given biopower project? Empirical testing using proxy data yields a truth table that suggests that the defined causal conditions hold true for 8 out of the 36 African cases analysed. It is therefore concluded that effective biopower policy focus and implementation initiatives must adapt the elements of public investment, private sector finance, adequate infrastructure and networks and community access and acceptance to varying degrees. This outcome is further exemplified by case studies of biopower and energy-based projects undertaken in African countries, thus emphasising the imperative for effective policies to enhance investment, specifically in the waste valorisation domain.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the support and platform provided by the African Centre of Excellence in Energy for Sustainable Development (ACE-ESD), which is funded by the World Bank ACE II project, in collaboration with the Government of Rwanda and is currently hosted by the College of Science and Technology at the University of Rwanda. The authors would also wish to thank Professor Akinbolaji Iwayemi, the Principal Investigator for the Centre for Petroleum, Energy Economics and Law, at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, for his insightful comments and guidance.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data Accessibility Statement
The data that support the findings are available upon request from the corresponding author.
Notes
3. The IRENA statistics capture this as grants, equity investments or loans made to countries, for bioenergy-related projects US$millions (irena.org).
4. This is captured as investment in energy with private participation expressed in US$millions (worldbank.org).
5. The data collated from IRENA statistics represents final biogas consumption in commerce, industry and residential sectors and is used as a proxy for existing infrastructure and networks.
6. This data represents the percentage of the population for the 36 countries with access to electricity (worldbank.org).
7. The remaining rows of the solution based the possible logical combinations did not yield any combination of cases and were therefore deleted during the PRSUCS coding stage.
8. ~ represents the absence of the variable or condition.
13. NERC signed regulations related to the Independent Electricity Distribution Network (IEDN) and Embedded Generation 2012 to open up Nigeria’s electricity sector for more investments in capacity growth, https://businessday.ng/energy/power/article/embedded-power-generation-to-rescue/.
22. Theigc.org.