Bootstrap ARDL on energy-growth relationship for 22 OECD countries

ABSTRACT

Applying a recent bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag method, this article re-examines the energy-growth relationship for 22 OECD countries over the period 1966–2013. The empirical results suggest degenerate cases for eight countries. Only Japan is truly cointegrated. Some causality patterns are identified.

KEYWORDS:

• Bootstrap ARDL
• energy growth
• OECD

JEL CODES:

• C22
• Q43

Acknowledgments

The second and third authors would like to thank Sam Chung Yan for conducting two Econometrics Workshops at CenPRIS, University Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. Further technical advice and assistance from him were appreciated. The usual disclaimers, however, applies.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

¹ Due to space constraint, the diagnostic test results are available upon request from the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia [203/CDASAR/6711503].