Turkish returned immigrants’ income by gender perspective

ABSTRACT

Thousands of Turkish returnees (re)join the labour force of Turkey each year. Despite the gender pay gap, women return with new skills, which increase the chance of earning higher wages before the migration. Adopting a gender perspective, this paper investigates the effects of migration experience on labour income. The findings show that the positive effect of migration experience weakens the negative effect of gender on labour income, and marriage positively affects women’s labour income.

KEYWORDS:

• Gender pay gap
• migration experience
• reservation wage
• return migration
• women returnees

JEL CLASSIFICATION:

• J10
• J15
• J16

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

¹ Since this article focuses on the gender perspective, Table 1 contains only gender, living abroad, marital status, and interactions. The findings related to other variables are as expected.