Misdirection in magic: Implications for the relationship between eye gaze and attention

Abstract

Magicians use misdirection to manipulate people's attention in order to prevent their audiences from uncovering their methods. Here we used a prerecorded version of a magic trick to investigate some of the factors that accompany successful misdirection. Prior information about the nature of the trick significantly improved participants’ detection of the method. The informed participants fixated closer to the event in question, suggesting that they were monitoring it more closely once they knew about the trick. The probability of detection was independent of how far the participant was looking from the “secret” event as it happened, but participants who detected the event moved their eyes towards where it took place much earlier than participants who missed it. This result is consistent with the notion that attention is allocated ahead of the current locus of fixation, and we present evidence that attention may be allocated two or more saccade targets ahead of where the participant is fixating.

Notes

¹It should be noted that Tatler and Kuhn (2007) showed that there was relatively high consistency over trials.

²Only participants who missed the cigarette on the first trial were included.

³Data from one participant was excluded due to tracker loss.

⁴The drop lasted for six frames and measurements were taken on the third frame of the drop, when the falling cigarette was in full view.

⁵Data from one participant is missing due to tracker loss.