Target templates in singleton search vs. feature-based search modes

ABSTRACT

It is well-known that visual attention can be tuned in a top-down controlled manner to various attributes. Amongst other search strategies, previous research has identified a feature search mode in which attention is tuned to the target feature (e.g., colour) vs. a singleton search mode, where all salient items can attract attention. A short review of the literature reveals that singleton search mode is not regularly applied in single-target search, but could play a role in two-target search. Here we critically tested whether results suggesting singleton search could alternatively be due to top-down tuning to different attributes of the targets (e.g., luminance). The results of the first experiment show a mixture of attentional tuning to the target colours (red, green), as well as luminance (darker), and residual singleton capture. A second experiment shows that such mixed results can be obtained in the standard paradigm, with only small changes to the stimuli. These results cannot be coherently described within a single mental representation, and are therefore difficult to reconcile with the notion of a target template. Non-representational theories such as feature map theories seem better equipped to explain mixed search results, which could be a decisive weakness of representational theories.

KEYWORDS:

• Attention
• spatial cueing
• target template
• singleton search
• feature search

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP170102559 to Stefanie Becker.