Time-course and intensity-based classifications of oxidative stresses and their potential application in biomedical, comparative and environmental research

Abstract

Objective: We propose some clues for classification of oxidative stresses based on their intensity and time-course.

Background: Oxidative stress is studied for more than three decades and it is clear that it may differ on the parameters of interest. But up to now there is no any system for formal discrimination between different types of the stress. Such approach can provide important benefits at description of experimental data.

Method: We briefly review information on oxidative stresses and show that the theoretical concept is actually poorly developed since introduction of the first definition in 1985 by H. Sies. We argue that the stresses can differ on their intensities and time-curses, but there was no theoretical basis for discrimination between them.

Results: On the basis of these analyses, we propose two systems of classifications of oxidative stresses enabling their description taking into account their intensity and time-course. We analyze essential biomarkers of oxidative stress to be used for classification such as levels of modified by reactive oxygen species proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and low molecular mass compounds. Finally, we describe potential applications of the proposed classifications to biomedical, comparative and environmental research.

Conclusion: The proposed classifications of oxidative stress may facilitate description of experimental data and their comparison between different organisms and methods of induction of oxidative stresses. Additionally this work may provide some clues to develop quantitative approaches for formal categorization of oxidative stresses.

Application: Most applications of the classifications proposed are theoretical and applied studies where oxidative stress takes place.

Keywords:

• Reactive oxygen species
• Homeostasis
• Cell function
• Adaptive response
• Regulatory pathways

Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to Drs H. Sies, K. Storey, J. Storey, R. Levine, M. Nikinmaa, A. Boldyrev, V. Skulachev, H. Semchyshyn, M. Hermes-Lima, O. Lushchak, and M. Bayliak for long-term personal communications which stimulated the author's interest to the field of oxidative stress. The idea of this work was formulated and discussed with many colleagues partially owing to financial support and great facilities provided by the Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany, for the author.

Disclaimer statements

Contributors None.

Funding None.

Conflict of interest The author declares that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Ethical approval None.