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ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the antioxidant barrier in the saliva of children with caries, and its impact on the colonization of cariogenic bacteria.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 81 children aged 1–5 years. Antioxidant levels and salivary bacterial profiles were measured. Patients were divided into two groups as follows: initial stage decay, termed non-cavitated (1–2 in International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)), and extensive decay, termed cavitated lesions (5–6 in ICDAS). The control group includes children without caries.
Results: The linear regression model demonstrated that the GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG, and total antioxidant capacity levels are influenced (P < 0.05) by: the stage of caries and the dominant bacterial strain. Compared with the other groups (P < 0.001), the highest antioxidant parameters were recorded in the saliva of patients with cavitated lesions.
Discussion: Our results indicate that the high levels of antioxidants in saliva increase significantly in children in line with the salivary cariogenic bacterial profiles and caries progression.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Ethical approval
Consents were obtained from all patients, and the study procedure was approved by the Bioethical Committee of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Opinion No. KBET/281/B/2014).
Geolocation information
Krakow, Poland.
Notes on contributors
Dr Anna Jurczak is the head of Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. She is the chairman of Polish Society of Paediatric Dentistry. Her searching field is ECC.
Dr Dorota Kościelniak is an academic and scientific assistant professor at the Departure of Pediatric Dentistry Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. She is a member of Polish Dental Association, Polish Society of Paediatric Dentistry, International Association of Paediatric Dentistry. She has written over 41 articles in Polish and international scientific journals.
Dr Anna Skalniak is a biotechnologist, medical analyst, and biostatistician and has been working in the field of molecular genetic diagnostics since 2010. Dr Anna Skalniak is a member of the Polish Society of Human Genetics, and the Polish and European Societies of Endocrinology, and the ambassador of the European Association for Cancer Research.
Dr Papież is an assistant professor in the Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. She is an expert in redox signaling and oxidative stress in cancer. She published 30 papers in peer-review journals on cancer pathomechanism and therapy. She is a member of Polish Society of Oncology and Polish Society for Histochemistry and Cytochemistry.
Palina Vyhouskaya is a student of Laboratory Medicine at Jagiellonian University, Poland. She is a member of The Scientific Students Association of Laboratory Diagnosticians, where she gains experience and undergoes practice connected with research methods used in medicine.
Dr Krzyściak is an assistant professor in the Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. She is an expert in Clinical Biochemistry. She published 20 papers in peer-review journals on caries pathogenesis and redox signaling. She is a member of Polish Society of Microbiologists and Polish Society of Biochemistry.