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Articles

Managing Urban Ethnic Heritage: Little India in Singapore

Pages 332-346 | Published online: 27 Jun 2008
 

Abstract

Historic urban ethnic enclaves are complex entities that serve multiple purposes and are used in various ways by different groups. This paper deals with the case of Little India in Singapore and examines the relationships, processes and underlying dynamics that are at work and their consequences for the management of the heritage site. The enclave is shown to be a historic, commercial, leisure and residential space in which citizens, migrant workers, tourists, government agencies and private business all have a stake. Existing and planned developments, however, generate conflicts and expose fundamental tensions between pressures for change and for preservation and continuity. Particular attention is devoted to the role of tourism, which is seen to act as an instrument of both development and conservation. Conclusions have a wider applicability beyond Singapore, but the distinctive qualities of the city‐state are also highlighted.

Notes

[1] Yin, Case Study.

[2] Gradburn, ‘Tourism and Cultural Development’, 199.

[3] Hall and Oehlers, ‘Tourism and Politics’.

[4] Adams, ‘Come to Tana Toraja’; Cohen, ‘Ethnicity and Commoditisation’; Gradburn, Ethnic and Tourist Arts; MacCannell, ‘Reconstructed Ethnicity’; van den Berghe and Keyes, ‘Introduction to Tourism’.

[5] Buzinde et al., ‘Ethnic Representations’.

[6] Picard and Wood, Tourism.

[7] Jamison, ‘Tourism and Ethnicity’.

[8] Appadurai, Modernity at Large, 33.

[9] Caffyn and Lutz, ‘Developing the Heritage Product’.

[10] Shaw et al., ‘Ethnoscapes as Spectacle’.

[11] Erdentug and Columbijn, Urban Ethnic Encounters.

[12] Orbasli, Tourism in Historic Towns.

[13] Conforti, ‘Ghettos as Tourist Attractions’.

[14] Chang, ‘From Instant Asia’; Henderson, ‘Ethnic Heritage’; idem, ‘Attracting Tourists’; Leong, ‘Commodifying Ethnicity’.

[15] Statistics Singapore, ‘Latest Data 2007’ [accessed 3 May 2007], available from http://www.singstat.gov.sg/keystats, 2007.

[16] Department of Statistics, General Household Survey.

[17] EIU, Singapore.

[18] Lai, Meaning of Multiethnicity.

[19] Ofori, Foreign Construction Workers.

[20] ‘Foreign Workers Man Hotline to Help Others’, The Straits Times, 18 December 2006.

[21] B. Yeoh, ‘Singapore: Hungry for Workers at All Skill Levels’, Migration Policy Institute [accessed 3 May 2007], available from http://www.migrationinformation.org

[22] Ministry of Manpower, Employment.

[23] TWC2, ‘Welcome to the Website of Transient Workers Count Too’ [accessed 5 May 2007], available from http://www.twc2.org.sg

[24] R. Ghosh, ‘Guest Workers or Indentured Labor? Life in Singapore’s Little India’, Pacific News Service 2006 [accessed 3 May 2007], available from http://news.pacificnews.org; Human Rights Watch, Maid to Order.

[25] Neville, ‘The Areal Distribution’.

[26] Walker, ‘Indians in Singapore’.

[27] Jayapal, Old Singapore.

[28] Rahim, The Singapore Dilemma.

[29] SINDA, ‘Our History’, Singapore Indian Development Association [accessed 5 June 2007], available from http://www.sinda.org.sg/about.htm

[30] H. L. Lee, ‘PM’s Speech to Indian Community’, The Straits Times, 31 January 2005, 1.

[31] Siddique and Sholam, Singapore’s Little India.

[32] Teo and Huang, ‘Tourism and Heritage’.

[33] Henderson, ‘Attracting Tourists’.

[34] URA, Little India, 83.

[35] Ismail, ‘Ramadan and Bussorah Street’; Yeoh and Huang, ‘The Conservation–Redevelopment Dilemma’.

[36] Chang, ‘Singapore’s Little India’.

[37] Ibid., 355.

[38] STB, ‘Launch of the Little India Heritage Markers’, Singapore Tourism Board press release, 29 September 2003.

[39] CNA, ‘URA Sets Up Inter‐agency Task Force to Remake Little India’, 5 January 2007 [accessed 1 May 2007], available from http://global.factiva.com

[40] URA, ‘URA Reviews Guidelines for Core Areas in Historic Districts in Consultation with Stakeholders’, Urban Redevelopment Authority press release, 26 September 2005.

[41] STB, ‘Uniquely Singapore. What to See: Little India’ [accessed 1 May 2007], available from http://www.visitsingapore.com

[42] STB, Visitors’ Guide.

[43] Chang, ‘Theming Cities’.

[44] Sim, ‘Urban Conservation Policy’, 408.

[45] Henderson, ‘Attracting Tourists’.

[46] The Straits Times, ‘Upgrade Little India but Retain its Character’, The Straits Times, 17 May 2007; The Sunday Telegraph. ‘Spicy Flavours of Little India’, The Sunday Telegraph, 26 August 2007.

[47] STB, Uniquely Singapore Little India Walking Guide.

[48] Wikitravel, ‘Singapore/Little India, Wikitravel’ [accessed 2 May 2007], available from http://wikitravel.org/en/Singapore/Little_India

[49] STB, Uniquely Singapore Little India Walking Guide.

[50] STB, ‘Visitor Arrival Statistics’ [accessed 1 May 2007], available from http://app.stb.com.sg/asp/tou/tou02.asp

[51] STB, ‘STB Takes Singapore’s Festival of Lights to the World’, Singapore Tourism Board press release, 11 October 2002.

[52] STB, Unique Moments.

[53] Shaw and Ismail, ‘Ethnoscapes’.

[54] Chang, ‘Theming Cities’.

[55] The Straits Times, ‘Crossing the Them‐and‐us Divide’, The Straits Times, 10 November 2007, S11.

[56] The Sunday Times, ‘A Night Jaunt to Little India’, The Sunday Times, 6 May 2007, L8.

[57] R. Ghosh, ‘Guest Workers or Indentured Labor? Life in Singapore’s Little India’, Pacific News Service 2006 [accessed 3 May 2007], available from http://news.pacificnews.org

[58] Martini and Wong, ‘Restaurants in Little India’.

[59] The Straits Times. ‘Spice Up Your Arts Space’, The Straits Times, 15 November 2007, 2.

[60] F. Fami, ‘Little India as a Tourist Attraction’, unpublished undergraduate dissertation, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 2004.

[61] C. Lim, ‘A New Model of PAP Governance: Utopia or Dystopia?’, The Straits Times, 10 May 2005, 22.

[62] The Straits Times, ‘Crossing the Them‐and‐Us Divide’, The Straits Times, 10 November 2007, S11.

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