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Notes
1 Edward W. Said, Orientalism (25th Anniversary Edition)(New York: Vintage Books, 1994), p. 352.
2 See, for example, Juan R. I. Cole, Colonialism and Revolution in the Middle East: Social and Cultural Origins of Egypt's ‘Urabi'Movement (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1993); AbdelAziz EzzelArab, European Control and Egypt's Traditional Elites: A Case Study in Elite Economic Nationalism (Lewiston, et al.: The Edward Mellon Press, 1994); Alexander Schölch, Egypt for the Egyptians! The Socio-political crisis in Egypt, 1878-1882, trans (London: Ithaca Press, 1981).
3 Judith M. Brown, Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy, 2nd edn. (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994), p. 221.
4 Atrocities of British Justice under British Rule in Egypt (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1906). p. 6.
5 Modern Egypt, Vol 2 (London: Macmillan, 1908), pp. 303–304.
6 Modern Egypt, Vol 2 (London: Macmillan, 1908), pp. 420, 424n.
7 Modern Egypt, 2, pp. 443–4.
8 Translation from Hussein N. Khadim, ‘The poetics of postcolonialism: Two qasidahs by Ahmad Shawqi’”, Journal of Arabic Literature, 28 (1997), pp. 180–182.
9 Orientalism, 25th Anniversary Edition, pp. 350–351.
10 For example, articles in The Guardian, The Independent, etc. of 14 July 2004.
11 Lecture of 7 July 2004 reported in The Guardian, 8 July 2004.