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Notes
1 For accounts of the capture and trial of Eichmann, see Moshe Pearlman, The Capture and Trial of Adolf Eichmann (London, 1963) and Gideon Hausner, Justice in Jerusalem (London, 1967).
2 Raul Hilberg, “Opening Remarks; The Discovery of the Holocaust,” in Peter Hayes (ed.), Lessons and Legacies, Vol. 1, The Meaning of the Holocaust in a Changing World (Evanston, 1991), pp. 13–15; Michael Marrus, “The Holocaust at Nuremberg,” Yad Vashem Studies, No. 26 (1998), pp. 5–42. See also, Michael Marrus, The Nuremberg War Crimes Trial, 1945–46 (New York, 1997); Donald Bloxham, Genocide on Trial: War Crimes and the Formation of Holocaust History and Memory (Oxford, 2001).
3 See, for example, Charles Y. Glock, Gertrude Selznick and Joe L. Spaeth, The Apathetic Majority. A Study Based on Public Responses to the Eichmann Trial (New York, 1966).
4 Tom Segev, The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust, trans. Haim Watzman (New York, 1993). Compare, Judith Tydor Baumel, “‘In Everlasting Memory’: Individual and Communal Holocaust Commemoration in Israel,” in Robert Wistrich and David Ohana (eds.), The Shaping of Israeli Identity: Myth, Memory and Trauma (London, 1995), pp. 146–70; and Yehiam Weitz, “Political Dimensions of Holocaust Memory in Israel during the 1950s,” The Apathetic Majority. A Study Based on Public Responses to the Eichmann Trial (New York, 1966), pp. 129–45; Anita Shapira, “The Holocaust: Private Memories, Public Memory,” Jewish Social Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2 (1998), pp. 46–58; Dalia Ofer, “The Strength of Remembrance: Commemorating the Holocaust during the First Decade of Israel,” Jewish Social Studies, Vol. 6, No. 2 (2000), pp. 24–55; Josef Gorny, Between Auschwitz and Jerusalem (London, 2003), pp. 127–33. Cf. Hanna Yablonka, Survivors of the Holocaust: Israel after the War, trans. Ora Cummings (London, 1999), pp. 274–8.
5 Pieter Lagrou, “Victims of Genocide and National Memory: Belgium, France and the Netherlands, 1945–1965,” Past and Present, No. 154 (1997), pp. 187–222.
6 Robert Moeller, War Stories: The Search for a Usable Past in the Federal Republic of Germany (Berkeley, 1999); Gilad Margalit, “Divided Memory: Expressions of a United German Memory,” in Dan Michman (ed.), Remembering the Holocaust in Germany, 1945–2000: German Strategies and Jewish Responses (New York, 2002), pp. 31–42.
7 Jeffrey Shandler, While America Watches: Televising the Holocaust (New York, 1999), pp. 1–69; Sidra DeKoven Ezrahi, By Words Alone. The Holocaust in Literature (Chicago, 1980).
8 Dan Michman, “Research into the Holocaust in Belgium and in General History and Context,” in idem (ed.), Belgium and the Holocaust: Jews, Belgians, Germans (Jerusalem, 1998), pp. 3–38; David Cesarani “Memory, Representation and Education,” in John K. Roth and Elisabeth Maxwell (eds.), Remembering for the Future: The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide (London, 2001), Vol. 3, Memory, pp. 231–6; Gavriel Rosenfeld, “The Controversy That Isn't: The Debate over Daniel J Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners in Comparative Perspective,” Contemporary European History, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1999), pp. 249–73.
9 See Pearlman, The Capture and Trial of Adolf Eichmann, pp. 62–79; Raanan Rein, “The Eichmann Kidnapping: Its Effects on Argentine-Israeli Relations and the Local Jewish Community,” Jewish Social Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3 (2001), pp. 101–30.
10 Comer Clarke, Eichmann: The Savage Truth (London, 1960); John Donovan, Eichmann: Man of Slaughter (New York, 1960); Henry Zeiger, The Case Against Adolf Eichmann (New York, 1960); Philip Paneth, Eichmann: Technician of Death (New York, 1960); Quentin Reynolds, Minister of Death: The Adolf Eichmann Story (London, 1961); Charles Wighton, Eichmann: His Career and Crimes (London, 1961); Moshe Pearlman, The Capture of Adolf Eichmann (London, 1961); Siegfried Einstein, Eichmann: Chefbuchhalter des Todes (Frankfurt/Main, 1961).
11 The available documentary evidence can be sampled in Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine [Joseph Billig] (ed.), Le Dossier Eichmann (Paris, 1960); World Jewish Congress, Eichmann: Master of the Nazi Murder Machine (New York, 1961); Randolph Braham, Eichmann and the Destruction of Hungarian Jewry (New York, 1961); Albert Wucher, Eichmanns gab es viele: Eine Dokumentarbericht über die Endlösung der Judenfrage (Munich, 1961); Rudolf Höβ, Commandant in Auschwitz (London, 1959).
12 Erich Fromm, Escape from Freedom (London, 1941); Wilhelm Reich, The Mass Psychology of Fascism (New York, 1942); Theodor Adorno et al., The Authoritarian Personality (New York, 1950); Gustav M. Gilbert, Nuremberg Diary (New York, 1947). For the continuation of this tendency, see Florence Miale and Michael Selzer, The Nuremberg Mind: The Psychology of the Nazi Leaders (New York, 1975), pp. 3–15; and Eric Zillmer et al., The Quest for the Nazi Personality: A Psychological Investigation of Nazi War Criminals (Hillsdale, NJ, 1995), pp. 4–19 and 177.
13 Otto Dov Kulka, “Major Trends and Tendencies in German Historiography on National Socialism and the ‘Jewish Question’,” in Yisrael Gutman and Gideon Greif (eds.), The Historiography of the Holocaust Period (Jerusalem, 1988), pp. 12–37.
14 Clarke, Eichmann: The Savage Truth, p. 81.
15 The indictment and opening speech are reproduced in [Gideon Hausner], 6,000,000 Accusers. Israel's Case against Eichmann (Jerusalem, 1961).
16 For the interrogation (in German) and trial record (in English), see The Trial of Adolf Eichmann: Record of Proceedings in the District Court of Jerusalem, 9 vols (Jerusalem, 1992–95). On the use of Eichmann's various memoirs and interrogation, see Irmtrud Wojak, Eichmanns Memoiren: Ein Kritischer Essay (Frankfurt, 2001); and Christian Gerlach, “The Eichmann Interrogations in Holocaust Historiography,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3 (2001), pp. 428–53; and Christopher Browning, “Perpetrator Testimony: Another Look at Adolf Eichmann,” in his Collected Memories: Holocaust History and Postwar Testimony (Madison, WI, 2003) pp. 3–36.
17 Shandler, While America Watches, pp. 118–21, 132; Lawrence Douglas, The Memory of Judgment: Making Law and History in the Trials of the Holocaust (New Haven, 2001), pp. 125–42. See also the remarkably perceptive Harold Rosenberg, “The Trial and Eichmann," Commentary, Vol. 32, No. 5 (November 1961), pp. 369–81.
18 Harry Mulisch, Strafsache 40/61: Eine Reportage über den Eichmann-Prozeß (Dermil, 1996) (first published in Dutch, 1961); Lord Russell of Liverpool, The Trial of Adolf Eichmann (London, 1962); Pearlman, The Capture and Trial of Adolf Eichmann; Bernd Nellessen, Der Prozeß von Jerusalem (Düsseldorf, 1964); Peter Papadatos, The Eichmann Trial (New York, 1964); Gideon Hausner, Justice in Jerusalem (London, 1967).
19 Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, revised and enlarged edn. (New York, 1964). For extensive and varied discussions of Arendt's version of the trial, see Steven Aschheim (ed.), Hannah Arendt in Jerusalem (Berkeley, 2001); and “Hannah Arendt and Eichmann in Jerusalem,” special issue of History & Memory, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1996).
20 Randolph Braham (ed.), The Eichmann Case: A Source Book (New York, 1969), pp. 141–74. Saul Bellow, Mr Sammler's Planet (London, 1969), p. 17; Dan Michman, Holocaust Historiography. A Jewish Perspective (London, 2003), pp. 346–8; DeKoven Ezrahi, By Words Alone, p. 205.
21 Richard Wolin, “The Ambivalences of German-Jewish Identity: Hannah Arendt in Jerusalem,” History & Memory, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1996), pp. 26–8; Dan Diner, “Hannah Arendt Reconsidered: On the Banal and the Evil in Her Holocaust Narrative”, New German Critique, No. 71 (Spring/Summer 1997), pp. 177–90; Leora Bilsky, “Between Justice and Politics: The Competition of Storytellers in the Eichmann Trial,” in Aschheim (ed.), Hannah Arendt in Jerusalem, pp. 232–54.
22 Haim Gouri, “Facing the Glass Booth,” in Geoffrey H. Hartman (ed.), Holocaust Remembrance: The Shapes of Memory (Oxford, 1994), p. 154; Geoffrey H. Hartman, The Longest Shadow: In the Aftermath of the Holocaust (London, 2002), pp. 22 and 133–50; DeKoven Ezrahi, By Words Alone, pp. 109, 177–81, 205–16; Robert Rozett, “Published Memoirs of Holocaust Survivors,” in Roth and Maxwell (eds.), Remembering for the Future, Vol. 3, pp. 167–71.
23 For sensitive studies of this time lag, see Edward T. Linenthal, Preserving Memory: The Struggle to Create America's Holocaust Museum (New York, 1995) and Rochelle Saidel, Never Too Late to Remember: The Politics Behind New York City's Holocaust Museum (New York, 1996). See also the polemical treatment in Peter Novick, The Holocaust In American Life (New York, 1999).
24 Jeffrey Herf, Divided Memory: The Nazi Past in the Two Germanys (Cambridge, MA, 1997), pp. 267–333; and Mary Fulbrook, German National Identity after the Holocaust (London, 1999), pp. 48–55; Harold Marcuse, Legacies of Dachau: The Uses and Abuses of a Concentration Camp (Cambridge, 2001), pp. 199–203, 206–7; Segev, The Seventh Million, pp. 324–6;
25 For the initial response to the liberation of the camps in a comparative perspective, see the essays by Annette Wieviorka, Pieter Lagrou and Daniele Jalla on, respectively, France, Belgium and Italy, in Marie-Anne Matard-Bonucci and Edouard Lynch (eds.), La Libération des Camps et le retour des déportés (Brussels, 1995).
26 See Tony Kushner, The Holocaust and the Liberal Imagination (Oxford, 1994).
27 On the politics of remembering in Israel, see Yael Zerubavel, Recovered Roots: Collective Memory and the Making of Israeli National Tradition (Chicago, 1995); Wistrich and Ohana (eds.), The Shaping of Israeli Identity; Susan Slyomovics, The Object of Memory: Arab and Jew Narrate the Palestinian Village (Philadelphia, 1998).
28 See Stuart E. Eizenstat, Imperfect Justice: Looted Assets, Slave Labor, and the Unfinished Business of World War II (New York, 2003), especially pp. 15–21; and Michael Bazyler, Holocaust Justice: The Battle for Restitution in America's Courts (New York, 2003).