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ABSTRACT
During its 75 years of existence, Israel’s strategies vis-à-vis its neighbours have alternated drastically in accordance with the vicissitudes in regional and global affairs: from reliance on force, to a status quo approach, to combining ‘land-for-peace’ approach while participating in ‘new wars’, to peace initiation, to unilateral action, to improved relations with the Arab world while trying to avoid the Palestinian issue. This article describes the evolution of these strategies, discusses their origin and underlying assumptions, and assesses their future implications.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1. Bialer, Israeli Foreign Policy, 56.
2. Yair, “Israeli Existential Anxiety”; and Nasie et al., “Ethno‐Political Socialisation.”
3. Bialer, “Israel’s Foreign Policy.”
4. Ibid., 57.
5. Bar-Tal, Intractable Conflicts.
6. Rabinovich, The Lingering Conflict, 5.
7. Ghanem, “Israel’s Second-Class Citizens.”
8. Kretzmer, The Legal Status.
9. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 2022 – No. 73, Table 2.1: Population, by Population Group.
10. Pry, Israel’s Nuclear Arsenal.
11. “United Nations Security Council Resolution 242.”
12. For the debate about the issue see Lapidoth, “The Misleading Interpretation,” 11–13; and Karsh, “Saddam and the Palestinians.”
13. Sheehan, The Arabs, 245–57.
14. Bar-Joseph, “Lessons not Learned.”
15. See note 13 above.
16. “Camp David Accords, September 17, 1978.”
17. Karsh, Arafat’s War, 15–16.
18. Kaldor, New and Old Wars.
19. Kimmerling & Migdal, Palestinians; and Brake, “Israel and the Palestinians.”
20. Ben Eliezer, Old conflict, New Wars; and Benziman, “New wars rational.”
21. Issues regarding water rights and the leasing of farmland for 25 years were dealt with in the agreement.
22. “The Nobel Peace Prize 1994. Shimon Peres – Nobel Lecture,” Nobelprize.org. See also Peres, The New Middle East.
23. Kacowicz et al., Stable Peace Among Nations.
24. Karsh, Arafat’s War, chapters 9–11; Kacowicz, “Rashomon in the Middle East”; Peters, “The Camp David Summit”; and Benziman, “Negotiating with a So-Called ‘Non-Partner’.”
25. Zartman, “Ripeness.”
26. Karsh and Hacohen, “Israel’s Flight from South Lebanon.”
27. Ganor, “Strengthening Inter-Agency Coordination.”
28. Bar-Siman-Tov and Michael, “The Israeli Disengagement Plan.”
29. Karsh, “The Oslo Disaster.”
30. Benziman, Netanyahu’s Attempt to Delink.
31. Podeh, “Israel and the Arab Peace initiative.”
32. Ephron, “How Arab ties with Israel.”
33. Ferziger and Bahgat, “Israel’s Growing Ties”; and Lehrs et al., “What Happens to Peace.”
34. Hiro, Cold War in the Islamic World.
35. Zisser, “Israel and the Arab World”; and Ephron, “How Arab ties with Israel.”
36. For example, in his speech to the UN General Assembly in 22 September 2016, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu said: “Israel welcomes the spirit of the Arab Peace Initiative and welcomes dialogue with Arab countries to promote a broader peace. I believe that in order to fully achieve this broad peace, the Palestinians must be part of it.”
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Notes on contributors
Yuval Benziman
Yuval Benziman is a Senior Lecturer at the Program of Conflict Resolution, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the holder of the Katia & Hans Guth-Dreyfus lectureship for conflict resolution and the law.