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Research Article

How a left-wing political party fails to keep up with the times

Pages 585-601 | Received 22 Jun 2023, Accepted 31 Aug 2023, Published online: 11 Oct 2023
 

ABSTRACT

How can a political party, especially a progressive one, fail to understand and embrace the major changes of its time? The article examines the experience of the Italian Partito Democratico (Democratic Party [P.D.]). Since its foundation in 2007, the party has failed to achieve satisfactory results with regard to its explicit objective of creating a ‘new national party’. Although the party has often joined coalition governments, there has been a marked decline in its electoral support and in the active participation of citizens in its activities. The main thesis of the article is that the current crisis of the P.D. is due to a lack of understanding – almost a rejection – of the two main political changes that have occurred in recent decades: the personalization of politics and the digitalization of society. The party’s refusal to embrace possible political innovations in these areas has been very clear. There is an important paradox here: the fact that a political force which, given its position on the political spectrum, should be looking to the future, instead views the present with great suspicion. This is a position that has become typical of many European left-wing parties, which are well rooted in long-standing political traditions, but are finding it increasingly difficult to understand how societies are changing.

RIASSUNTO

Come può un partito politico, soprattutto se progressista, non riuscire a comprendere e ad abbracciare i grandi cambiamenti del suo tempo? L’articolo esamina l’esperienza del Partito Democratico (P.D.) italiano. Dalla sua fondazione nel 2007, il partito non è riuscito a raggiungere risultati soddisfacenti rispetto al suo obiettivo esplicito di creare un “nuovo partito nazionale”. Sebbene il partito sia spesso entrato a far parte di governi di coalizione, si è registrato un netto calo del suo sostegno elettorale e della partecipazione attiva dei cittadini alle sue attività. La tesi principale dell’articolo è che l’attuale crisi del P.D. sia dovuta a una mancata comprensione - quasi un rifiuto - dei due principali cambiamenti politici avvenuti negli ultimi decenni: la personalizzazione della politica e la digitalizzazione della società. Il rifiuto del partito di abbracciare le possibili innovazioni politiche in questi ambiti è stato molto chiaro. Si tratta di un paradosso molto significativo: una forza politica che, data la sua posizione nello spettro politico, dovrebbe guardare al futuro, guarda al presente con grande sospetto. È una posizione che è diventata tipica di molti partiti di sinistra europei, ben radicati in tradizioni politiche di lunga data, ma che fanno sempre più fatica a capire come le società si stiano trasformando.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. Discorso all’Xi Congresso della Democrazia Cristiana, 29 June 1969, Roma, Edizioni Cinque Lune; also in Maria Letizia Coen Cagli, Luciano d’Andrea, Marco Montefalcone, An Anthology of Aldo Moro’s Writings and Speeches, Roma, Accademia di Studi Storici Aldo Moro, p. 30.

2. Mario Tronti, ‘Benedetto XVI, Papa in un’era non sua’, Il Foglio, 5 January 2023.

3. J. Horowitz, ‘The woman shaking up Italian politics’, New York Times, 4 March 2023.

4. Chiara De Micheli’s speech, Corriere della Sera, corriere.it, 11 January 2023.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Fortunato Musella

Fortunato Musella is Full Professor of Political Science at the University of Naples Federico II. He is Director of the Federica Web Learning Centre for Innovation and the Dissemination of Distance Learning. He is also the Rector’s Delegate for Learning Activities and a member of the Board of the Federico II School of Public Management (SPM). He is currently Principal Investigator for the national project ‘Monocratic Government: The Impact of Personalisation on Contemporary Political Regimes’ (PRIN 2020-2023), and he contributes to the PNRR, CN1 – National Centre for HPC, Big data and Quantum Computing. He is a member of the editorial board of the Rivista di Digital Politics, the first open access journal published by Il Mulino. His main research interests include the study of government, political parties, conceptual analysis and digital politics. His recent publications include Political Leaders beyond Party Politics (Palgrave 2018), Il Governo in Italia. Profili Costituzionali e Dinamiche Politiche (ed. Il Mulino 2019), Concetti Chiave. Manuale di Scienza Politica (with M. Calise and T.J. Lowi, Il Mulino, 2021), Monocratic Government (De Gruyter 2022). Together with Mauro Calise, he is the author of Il Principe digitale (Laterza 2019), a study of the changes brought about by digital technologies in politics.

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