Trauma-related deficits in working memory

Abstract

Introduction. The aim of the study was to evaluate trauma-related impairments of working memory in psychiatric outpatients, and the mediating role of processing speed, anxiety and depression in the cognitive decrements. Methods. This research applied a comprehensive assessment protocol including an evaluation of psychopathological and neuropsychological functioning in psychiatric outpatients. Patients with trauma history (n = 33) were compared to patients without such a history (n = 30). We collected information regarding age, gender, culture level, profession level, alcohol abuse, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Working memory and speed processing were assessed with standardised neuropsychological instruments. Data analysis was accomplished using parametric statistics, and a hierarchical multiple regression model was used to regress working memory performance scores against the trauma variable, anxiety-depression scores, and speed processing. Results. The groups differed by gender, not by age, education level, socioeconomic status and alcohol abuse. Analysis of cognitive data revealed specific trauma-related deficits in working memory. Moreover, the trauma-exposed subjects scored higher on anxiety/depression scales, and lower on processing speed tests. The regression revealed significant impairment in working memory partially mediated by speed processing, but not by anxiety or depression. Conclusions. These findings confirmed the trauma-related impairments in working memory and the paramount importance for these impairments of reduced processing speed rather than emotional factors.