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Articles

Decolonising emotional well-being and mental health in development: African feminist innovations

 

ABSTRACT

This article explores what a decolonial approach to emotional well-being and mental health looks like in development and humanitarian response, using the example of African feminist praxis around the emotional well-being and mental health of African women impacted by injustice, and the practitioners that work in solidarity with them. It draws on the experiences of the work of the African Institute for Integrated Responses to Violence Against Women and HIVAIDS (AIR), and analysis of the African feminist practitioners involved in its creation. It questions the presumption that orthodox Western psychology offers the most appropriate frameworks for understanding and designing mental health interventions targeted at African women and the practitioners engaging them, and looks instead to the thinking and practices developed by African feminist practitioners. Acknowledging that decolonising knowledge is central to the project of decolonising development, it argues for a decolonial feminist approach that takes seriously the healing knowledges produced by communities of African women affected by collective distress, and pays attention to the structural roots of trauma in African women’s lives. In doing so it calls for an approach to emotional well-being interventions that questions inequality and builds political and economic agency as part of emotional resilience. It also explores the practitioner–community relationship, arguing for the need to embrace the concept of vicarious resilience alongside that of vicarious trauma.

Cet article traite de ce qui constitue une approche décoloniale du bien-être affectif et de la santé mentale dans les interventions humanitaires et de développement, en prenant l’exemple de la praxis féministe africaine autour du bien-être affectif et de la santé mentale des femmes africaines touchées par l’injustice, et des praticiens qui travaillent en solidarité avec elles. Il s’inspire des expériences du travail mené par l’African Institute for Integrated Responses to Violence Against Women and HIVAIDS (AIR), et de l’analyse effectuée par les praticiens féministes africains ayant contribué à sa création. Il met en question la présomption selon laquelle la psychologie orthodoxe occidentale propose les cadres les plus appropriés pour comprendre et concevoir des interventions dans le domaine de la santé mentale ciblant les femmes africaines et les praticiens qui travaillent avec elles, et se penche plutôt sur les idées et les pratiques mises au point par des praticiens féministes africains. Reconnaissant que la décolonisation des connaissances est essentielle pour le projet de décolonisation du développement, il soutient une approche féministe décoloniale qui prend au sérieux les connaissances en matière de guérison produites par les communautés de femmes africaines touchées par la détresse collective, et accorde une attention aux racines structurelles du traumatisme dans la vie des femmes africaines. Ce faisant, il lance un appel en faveur d’une approche des interventions en matière de bien-être affectif qui met en question les inégalités et qui renforce le libre-arbitre politique et économique dans le cadre de la résilience affective. Il examine par ailleurs la relation entre les praticiens et les communautés, soutenant la nécessité d’adopter le concept de la résilience par procuration en même temps que celui du traumatisme par procuration.

El presente artículo indaga sobre el aspecto que debe tener un enfoque descolonial orientado a promover el bienestar emocional y la salud mental en el desarrollo y la respuesta humanitaria. Para ello utiliza el ejemplo aportado por la praxis feminista africana en torno al bienestar emocional y la salud mental de mujeres africanas afectadas por la injusticia, así como por las operadoras que trabajan en solidaridad con ellas. El artículo se fundamenta en las experiencias surgidas del trabajo realizado por el Instituto Africano de Respuestas Integradas a la Violencia contra la Mujer y el vih-sida (air), y en el análisis efectuado por las operadoras feministas africanas implicadas en su creación. Al respecto, cuestiona la suposición de que la psicología ortodoxa occidental proporciona marcos más apropiados para comprender y diseñar intervenciones de salud mental dirigidas a las mujeres africanas y las operadoras que interactúan con ellas, poniendo atención, además, en el pensamiento y las prácticas desarrolladas por las operadoras feministas africanas. Reconociendo que el conocimiento descolonizador es fundamental para impulsar un proyecto de desarrollo descolonizador, el artículo sustenta un enfoque feminista descolonial; este considera seriamente los conocimientos curativos producidos por las comunidades de mujeres africanas afectadas por la angustia colectiva y atiende las raíces estructurales del trauma en la vida de las mismas. En este sentido hace un llamado en favor de un enfoque que, en las intervenciones destinadas a propiciar el bienestar emocional, cuestione la desigualdad y construya la agencia política y económica como parte de la capacidad de recuperación emocional. Asimismo, explora la relación operador-comunidad, abogando por adoptar el concepto de resiliencia indirecta junto con el de trauma indirecto. 

Notes on contributor

Jessica Horn is a feminist analyst, activist, and technical advisor on women’s rights. She currently works as Director of Programmes for The African Women’s Development Fund and is the former Senior Advisor for AIR at the Stephen Lewis Foundation. Postal address: c/o The Editor, Gender & Development, Oxfam House, John Smith Drive, Oxford OX4 2JY, UK. Email: [email protected]

Notes

1 All documentation produced is available on the AIR website: http://airforafrica.org/resources/ (last checked 18 February 2020)

2 See the Stephen Lewis Foundation’s website: www.stephenlewisfoundation.org. Information on Panzi Hopsital is available at www.panzifoundation.org/panzi-hospital (last checked 18 February 2020)

3 Isis Wicce was renamed the Women’s International Peace Centre in 2019. Information is available on their website: https://wipc.org (last checked 18 February 2020)

4 As Ramugondo (Citation2018) argues, decolonising health and therapeutic approaches in African contexts includes confronting and redressing the ‘coloniality of knowledge’ – meaning the centring of Western knowledges and the devaluing of diverse indigenous knowledges; as well as interrogating the history and historical functions of the professional knowledge base and approaches of Western therapies and whether they are actually relevant to the contexts where they have been imported or imposed.

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