Racial/ethnic and educational differences in perceptions and use of a new urban trail

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Obesity and its associated health risks are on the rise throughout the US due, in part, to an overall decline in physical activity. Although public green spaces, and in particular trails, show promise as population-level interventions to promote physical activity among adults, these amenities may have disparate impacts across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups within a community.

Design: This cross-sectional study employed an intercept survey of users of a newly opened $95 million rail-to-trail development in Chicago, IL, immediately after its opening and one year later to examine differences by race/ethnicity and educational attainment in trail use behaviors, motivations for trail use, safety concerns, and change in physical activity attributed to the trail.

Results: Although the overall impact of the trail was positive, Latino users were more likely to report frequent use (4+ times/week), health motivations for using the trail, and increased physical activity attributed to the trail. However, Latino users were also more likely to indicate safety concerns and less likely to use areas of the trail in predominately white communities, even after controlling for community of residence. The least educated trail users frequented fewer trail areas and were less likely to indicate health motivations for trail use.

Conclusions: Although urban trails represent an opportunity for cost-effective community-wide health promotion, they may not benefit all groups equally. Urban trails may have particularly promising benefits for Latino users, but safety concerns and the possibility of community racial segregation being replicated on trails should be addressed to maximize and sustain these benefits. Less educated residents in particular may not benefit from such projects as intended.

KEYWORDS:

• Health disparities
• minority health
• physical activity
• urban trails
• built environment

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the UIC Neighborhoods and Health research staff for their data collection and entry efforts, in particular Lukas Kucinski for his preparation of the maps presented in Figures 1 and 2.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Declaration of interest

None of the authors report any conflicts of interest related to this study. This research received no funding from any public, commercial, or nonprofit agencies.