Quantitative methods in interprofessional education research: some critical reflections and ideas to improving rigor

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Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.

Notes

1. Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation framework, consisting of four criteria (trainee reactions, learning, transfer/behavior change, and organization results) was adapted for IPE by Barr and colleagues (2005). These authors expanded the original model to six outcome levels: (1) learner reactions; (2a) attitude/perception modification; (2b) knowledge/skill acquisition; (3) behavioral change; (4a) organizational change; and (4b) improvement to patient health/well-being.

2. Both terms refer to concepts known to weaken internal validity of non-experimental research study designs. Interested readers can learn by the following instructional link, http://www.creative-wisdom.com/teaching/WBI/threat.shtml.