Developing Urban Design as Public Policy: Best Practice Principles for Design Review and Development Management

Abstract

This paper develops and discusses some 12 principles for best practice design review internationally. It seeks to embed these principles in plan making, design policy and guideline formulation and development control in planning systems at various stages of development. The principles are derived from critiques of review practices in the USA and Western Europe in both regulatory and discretionary planning systems. The principles are grouped under four headings: community vision, integration of planning and zoning, substantive urban design principles and due process in review. Each principle is discussed separately with examples of best practice and identification of common problems and solutions. Particular attention is paid to the incorporation of sustainable development perspectives, and the need to construct substantive and place-responsive design principles and forms. A conclusion discusses the ambition of these principles, their implementation in difficult economic and political contexts, and the tensions between design and diversity.

Notes

1. This paper was originally prepared for a lecture tour of China sponsored by the China Academy of Urban Planning and Design in 2004. A fuller version was a keynote address to the International Conference on Planning and Design, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan in May 2005. The author wishes to thank Deng Zhaohua for the use of the Shenzhen example from his forthcoming doctoral thesis.