Distant cities, travelling tales and segmented young lives: making and remaking youth exclusion across time and place

Abstract

A substantial body of research suggests that incipient moral anxiety is growing in relation to excluded youth, and is manifestly cross-national in nature. While these anxieties are often assumed to be most evident in recent times, historians of childhood and youth persistently remind us of the long history of anxiety recorded in the public record about disadvantaged urban youth [e.g. Gleason. 2013. Small Matters: Canadian Children in Sickness and Health, 1900–1940. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press]. However, the degree and nature of local differentiation in the forms of moral anxiety being generated have yet to be systematically researched in relation to youth exclusion in diverse city spaces. There is also limited research on how senior members living in the same city spaces, many of whom were excluded as young people, remember and re-represent – through individual and collective memory – what it was like to be young in the past [Cubbit. 2007. History and Memory. Manchester: Manchester University Press]. Drawing on cross national studies and diverse sources, including oral history accounts, media representations, and interviews with young people, this article explores the perspectives of low-income young people living at the fringe of two different urban centres and who identified as having experienced varying degrees of educational and/or social exclusion. We argue that such multi-layered analyses challenge the binaries often invoked about inclusion, exclusion and marginalised youth, particularly concerning questions about history, memory, and the bordering and classification practices of individuals [see Balibar. 2009a. We, the People of Europe?: Reflections on Transnational Citizenship. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Rumford. 2011. Citizens and Borderwork in Contemporary Europe. London: Routledge]. More specifically, the article analyses representations of exclusion, in the present and past, in reference to what Balibar, We, the People of Europe?: Reflections on Transnational Citizenship, has termed ‘borderwork'. Overall, we argue that narratives of risk, forms of border anxiety [Newman. 2006. “Borders and Bordering: Towards an Interdisciplinary Dialogue.” European Journal of Social Theory 9 (2): 171–186] and the consequent moralising claims made about economically disadvantaged youth are crucial in understanding how youth exclusion is represented and remembered, and made and remade across time and place.

Keywords:

• moral anxiety
• youth
• social exclusion
• memory

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Erin Graham for conducting most of the Vancouver-based oral histories and interviews with residents and community workers in Vancouver, BC, Canada. We also wish to thank Jackie Kennelly for supporting the Vancouver-based work from the outset. We also wish to thank Oakleigh Welply for her contributions to wider discussions related to this work through the Cambridge research forum. In Melbourne, we thank Sianan Healy and Glenn Savage for their research and administrative assistance on aspects of the Collingwood-based project.

Notes on contributors

Jo-Anne Dillabough is Reader in the Sociology of Education and Youth and Global Cultures, Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge and is Convenor of the Working Group, Education, Equality and Development. She is also co-editor of the International journal, Gender and Education (with G. Ivinson, J. McLeod & M. Tamboukou).

Julie McLeod, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, holds an ARC Future Fellowship (2012–2016), is Deputy Director of the Melbourne Social Equity Institute and co-editor of the international journal Gender and Education. Her research in the history and sociology of education encompasses youth, gender and feminist studies.

Caroline Oliver is a Senior Researcher at the Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS) at the University of Oxford. She has a PhD in Sociology and Social Anthropology, was a lecturer at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne (2002–2005) and Researcher at the Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge (2006–2012). Her most recent research has been a cross-national investigation into family migrants' rights to access benefits and services and their impacts on integration. She is currently working on a pilot collaborative ethnography of inner city ‘super-diversity’ in South London, with attention to residents' experiences of social care and ageing.

Notes

1. See Dillabough and Gardner (forthcoming) and Terrance Davies’ documentary photomontage, Distant Voices, Still Lives.

2. The names of places and participants have been anonymised.