A model of educational leadership: Wisdom, intelligence, and creativity, synthesized

Abstract

This article presents a model of educational leadership—WICS—that encompasses wisdom, intelligence and creativity, synthesized. The article opens with a general discussion of issues in models of leadership. Then it discusses the role of creativity in leadership, dividing the discussion into academic and practical aspects. Next it deals with the role of intelligence in leadership. Then it discusses the role of wisdom in leadership. The article closes with a synthesis.

Acknowledgements

Preparation of this article was supported by Contract MDA 903–92–K–0125 from the U.S. Army Research Institute and IES Grant Award # 31–1992–701 as administered by the Temple University Laboratory for Student Success. Grantees undertaking such projects are encouraged to express their own views, which do not necessarily represent the funding agencies.

My work on intelligence has been collaborative with many people over the years Work on practical intelligence has particularly relied on the contributions of Anna Cianciolo, Elena Grigorenko, Jennifer Hedlund. Joseph Horvath, Richard Wagner, and Wendy Williams. My work on creativity has also depended on the contributions of many people especially Elena Grigorenko, James Kaufman, Todd Lubart, and Jean Pretz.

Notes

1. A listserv is a pre‐established list of e‐mail addresses to which e‐mail correspondence goes.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Robert J. Sternberg

Robert J Sternberg is IBM Professor of Psychology and Education and Director of the Center for the Psychology of Abilities, Competencies and Expertise at Yale University. The centre is dedicated to the advancement of theory research practice and policy for advancing the notion of intelligence in developing expertise. The aim is that the centre’s work will have an impact on science, education and society. Sternberg was the 2003. President of the American Psychological Association (APA).