Facilitating change in health-related behaviors and intentions: a randomized controlled trial of a multidimensional memory program for older adults^†

Abstract

Objectives: Many older adults are concerned about memory changes with age and consequently seek ways to optimize their memory function. Memory programs are known to be variably effective in improving memory knowledge, other aspects of metamemory, and/or objective memory, but little is known about their impact on implementing and sustaining lifestyle and healthcare-seeking intentions and behaviors.

Methods: We evaluated a multidimensional, evidence-based intervention, the Memory and Aging Program, that provides education about memory and memory change, training in the use of practical memory strategies, and support for implementation of healthy lifestyle behavior changes. In a randomized controlled trial, 42 healthy older adults participated in a program (n = 21) or a waitlist control (n = 21) group.

Results: Relative to the control group, participants in the program implemented more healthy lifestyle behaviors by the end of the program and maintained these changes 1 month later. Similarly, program participants reported a decreased intention to seek unnecessary medical attention for their memory immediately after the program and 1 month later.

Conclusions: Findings support the use of multidimensional memory programs to promote healthy lifestyles and influence healthcare-seeking behaviors. Discussion focuses on implications of these changes for maximizing cognitive health and minimizing impact on healthcare resources.

Keywords:

• memory intervention
• normal aging
• program evaluation
• randomized controlled trial

Acknowledgements

This research was supported in part by the Knowledge Mobilization Internship program at York University, Toronto, Canada. The authors would like to acknowledge Andrea Maione and Sandra Belfry for assistance with data collection and scoring, and Drs Jill Rich and Sue Vandermorris for comments on the manuscript.

Portions of this research were previously presented at the annual meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society in February 2008

Notes

Note: d = Cohen's measure of effect size; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; TICS-M = Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.

Note: Data are presented as means (standard deviation). MMQ = Multifactorial Metamemory Questionnaire.