Direct and indirect relationships between physical activity and happiness levels among older adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to examine if physical activity (PA) is associated to happiness and to investigate if social functioning and health status mediate this association.

Method: Participants of this cross-sectional study were 323 men and women, age 60 or over, who were covered by the medical insurance of the French National Education System, France. They received by mail a self-report questionnaire that asked for information about general health, PA, and happiness.

Results: In multinomial logistic regressions, the total volume of PA was associated to higher levels of happiness, but this association disappeared in the presence of social functioning. A structural equation modelling (SEM) showed an indirect association between PA and happiness, which was mediated by participants’ health status and social functioning; in this SEM model, social functioning was the only variable directly associated to happiness.

Conclusion: Complex associations among PA, health status, and social functioning appear to determine happiness levels in older adults.

Keywords:

• elderly
• exercise
• well-being
• mental health
• social functioning

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Dr Anne-Marie Ferrandez for her help with study design and data collection.