Psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to be applied for the Iranian elder population

This article was originally published with errors. This version has been amended. Please see Corrigendum (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2016.1223701).

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is a self-administered questionnaire to screen and detect individuals with a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. This study was designed to validate the Persian translated version of the short 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) for use with the Iranian elder population.

Method: A forward–backward translation method was performed to ensure the quality of the English to Persian translation. A sample of 300 Iranian elder (60 years and over) people was selected from locations known to be frequented by older adults residing in three cities in Iran. Factor of the GHQ-12 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were measured by estimating the Cronbach's alpha and Spearman correlation coefficients, respectively.

Results: The study participants included 157 (52.3%) men and 143(47.7%) women with an average age of 66.5 years (SD = 5.5). Cronbach's alpha for Social dysfunction, psychological distress and overall score were 0.80, 0.78 and 0.82, respectively. The test–retest correlation coefficients among two sub-scales of the GHQ-12 as well as the overall scores ranged from 0.84 to 0.93. CFA revealed a good fit for a modified 12-item two-factor structure.

Conclusion: The Persian version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable for measuring general health of Persian speaking elderly populations.

KEYWORDS:

• Confirmatory analysis
• factor structure
• GHQ-12
• elderly
• psychometrics

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Corrigendum

Acknowledgments

This study was financed by a grant provided by the Tabriz University of Sciences (5/53/1646) and approved by the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Review Board for Ethics in Research on Humans. This paper was prepared based on parts of the findings of the MSc dissertation in the Department of Health Education & Promotion at the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences [grant number 5/53/1646].