Exercise for depression and depressive symptoms in older adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses

Abstract

Objectives

We aimed to gather and update the evidence on the impact of exercise on late-life depression.

Method

We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effects of an exercise intervention for depression in older adults (e.g. 60+). Searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane Library for Systematic Reviews, and Opengray.eu. Methodological quality was assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Data analysis was performed with RStudio (version 4.0.2) and the generic inverse-variance method was used to pool the effect sizes from the included studies.

Results

Twelve meta-analyses of 97 RCTs were included. The AMSTAR 2 rating was considered critically low in five studies, low in six studies, and high in one study. The effect size expressed by the standardized mean difference (SMD) varied between studies from −0.90 (95% CI = −1.51; −0.28) to −0.14 (95% CI = −0.36; 0.07) in favor of the exercise intervention. Pooling of the effect sizes produced a statistically significant moderate effect in which exercise was associated with lower levels of depression and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.77; 2.84).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that exercise produces a moderate improvement in depression and depressive symptoms in older patients. We recommend providing physical activity for older adults.

Key-points

We investigated the effects of exercise interventions for depression in older adults.

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.1951660.

Keywords:

• Aged
• depression
• exercise
• review
• older people

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflict with any product mentioned or concept discussed in this article.

Author contributions

All authors contributed to study concept and design, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision; all authors contributed to acquisition of data, analysis, and interpretation of data; Ballotin VR and Selistre LS contributed to statistical analysis; Rech DL and Bigarella RL contributed to study supervision.