Empathy and support exchanges in couples coping with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Objectives

Research has extensively examined spousal caregiving in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but it remains unclear how people with AD help spousal caregivers. We aimed to describe emotional and practical support that people with AD and their spouses provide to each other and test the role their empathy plays in these support experiences.

Methods

Seventy-two people with early-stage AD and their spousal caregivers independently reported empathy (personal distress, empathic concern, perspective taking) and the frequency and appraisal of support provision. Caregivers reported both partners’ sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

People with early-stage AD and their spousal caregivers provided support to each other often. Caregivers provided more support but people with AD appraised support provision as more pleasant and less stressful. Lower personal distress in both partners and greater caregiver empathic concern were associated with more frequent caregiver support to people with AD. Greater empathic concern and perspective taking were associated with more pleasant appraisals of helping. Personal distress was positively associated with stress of helping.

Conclusion

Findings describe support reciprocity in early-stage AD and debunk the myth of people with AD being only recipients of care. We identify risk and resilience in couples per empathy and inform the design of dyadic interventions to promote mutually beneficial relationships in AD.

Keywords:

• Dementia
• dyad
• appraisal
• spouse
• Dyadic Study on Empathy in Caregiving (DSEC)

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all couples who participated in this study.

Disclosure statement

The authors disclose no conflict of interest.

Data availability statement

All data, analytic methods or materials would be available to other researchers for replication purposes. Please contact the corresponding author for details. Research reported in this manuscript was not pre-registered.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging under Grant R21AG069045-01A1 (to M. H). and P30 AG072972 (to UC Davis Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, which issued a developmental award to M. H.).