Indonesians overseas – deep histories and the view from below

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Notes

¹We are using ‘Indonesian’ here as a general term to describe the peoples who lived in the region that is today known as Indonesia. In specific historical documents, Indonesians were known by a number of loosely applied terms, such as ‘Javanese’ (which was used as a general term to include anyone from the Dutch East Indies), ‘Malays’ (another general term which included peoples both from the Dutch East Indies, British Malaya and Straits Settlements), ‘Macassans’ (usually reserved for people who sailed from the port of Makassar), and ‘Koepangers’ (initially used for people from the eastern islands who were recruited via the port of Kupang, Timor.

²The subject of new research by Pam Allen.

³Report to Governor-General Indochina on Javanese Contract Labour, 1909, p. 11, GGI 42591, Archives nationale d'outre-mer (ANOM), Aix-en-Provence.

⁴Telegram from Monguillot, 1 March 1928, GGI 42596, ANOM.

⁵ Brisbane Courier, 26 October 1885, p. 4.

⁶ Brisbane Courier, Javanese for Queensland. 24 September 1886, p. 6.

⁷‘Aliens at Queensland Mills, 1916’, Colonial Sugar Refining Company Papers, CSR 142/1479, Noel Butlin Archive Centre, Canberra.