Is common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) a risk assessment marker in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Abstract

Objective

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairment in social, academic and job-related functioning in both children and adults. The purpose of this study is to investigate the susceptibility to cardiovascular risk factors in children with ADHD diagnosis through common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurement, to compare cIMT in ADHD and control groups and to evaluate the association between cIMT and ADHD symptom severity.

Methods

The mean cIMT of 42 children with ADHD, ADHD symptom scales and a semi-structured psychiatric interview, and 42 age and sex matched healthy controls were measured with B-mode Doppler neck ultrasonography.

Results

The median cIMT was significantly higher for the ADHD group compared to the healthy controls. There was a statistically significant, negative, moderate correlation between cIMT and Conners ADHD index score, hyperactivity score, oppositional score and the presence of ODD comorbidity.

Conclusions

In this study, we found significantly higher cIMT in children with ADHD when compared to healthy controls. Considering that increased cIMT is a sign of atherosclerosis and it can be used as a marker of cardiovascular risk factors, our finding may indicate that children with ADHD are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases.

Keypoints

• cIMT was significantly higher in children with ADHD when compared to healthy controls.

• Higher cIMT in children with ADHD may indicate that children with ADHD are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases.

• cIMT measurement may be studied as a potential tool for risk assessment before a child with ADHD is started on psychostimulant medications.

Keywords:

• Attention deficit
• hyperactivity disorder
• carotid intima media thickness
• ADHD
• cIMT
• Conners

Disclosure statement

The authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.