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Abstract

The work–family literature is dominated by studies of white middle-class workers. In this study, we sought to expand this focus by examining work–family issues from the perspective of Mexicans who have immigrated to the USA within the past five years. Using data from qualitative in-depth interviews (N = 22) and quantitative structured interviews (N = 150), we documented the work–family experiences associated with immigration, and we examined the extent to which these experiences differed by gender as well as their mental health effects. The in-depth interviews clearly indicated that separation from family and community was a common and poignant strain experienced by Mexican immigrants who came to the USA to find work, and that these experiences did not differ between women and men. Quantitative analyses corroborated the qualitative findings by indicating women and men had similar levels of work–family strain. Analyses also indicated that higher levels of work–family strain were associated with more perceived stress, anxiety and depression, and that these associations did not differ between women and men. Finally, modest evidence suggested that the effects of work–family strain on mental health may be lower when the realities experienced by immigrants in finding employment and sending money home matched their expectations. This study adds a new voice to the work–family literature and the context and results make clear the tension between work and family: families frequently benefit from adults’ paid work, but this paid work is not without costs.

La literatura del trabajo–familia está dominada por estudios realizados a trabajadores blancos de la clase media. En este estudio, nos dedicamos a expandir este campo examinando los temas relacionados con el trabajo–familia viéndolos desde el punto de vista de Mexicanos que han inmigrados a los Estados Unidos en los últimos cinco años. Con información obtenida en entrevistas cualitativas profundas (N = 22) y entrevistas cuantitativas estructuradas (N = 150), documentamos las experiencias del trabajo–familia asociada con inmigración, y examinamos el alcance en la que estas experiencias están diferenciadas por género así como también sobre sus efectos en la salud mental. Las entrevistas profundas indicaron claramente que la separación de la familia y la comunidad, por parte de los inmigrantes Mexicanos que vinieron a los Estados Unidos a buscar trabajo, fue un agobio común y conmovedor y que estas experiencias son sufridas tanto por los hombres como por las mujeres. Los análisis cuantitativos corroboraron los resultados cualitativos que indican que tanto los hombres como las mujeres tenían los mismos niveles de agobio causado por el trabajo–familia. Los análisis también indicaron que los altos niveles de agobio del trabajo–familia estuvieron asociados con mayor estrés percibido, ansiedad, depresión, y que estos no difieren entre hombres y mujeres. Finalmente, cierta evidencia sugirió que los efectos de los sufrimientos causados por el trabajo–familia en la salud mental puede ser más bajo cuando las realidades que los inmigrantes experimentan de conseguir un trabajo y enviarle dinero a su familia coincidían con sus expectativas. Este estudio agrega una nueva voz a la literatura de trabajo–familia y su contexto y los resultados hacen ver claramente la tensión entre trabajo y familia: las familias frecuentemente se benefician del trabajo de los adultos, pero este salario tiene sus costos.

The research was supported by a grant to Sara A. Quandt from the Wake Forest University School of Medicine Venture Fund.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Joseph G. Grzywacz

Joseph G. Grzywacz is a family scientist whose research focuses on the work–family interface and the health-related consequences of individuals’ work–family experiences

Sara A. Quandt

Sara A. Quandt is an anthropologist who studies ageing as well as rural and ethnic minority health

Thomas A. Arcury

Thomas A. Arcury is an anthropologist whose research examines rural and ethnic minority disparities in health

Antonio Marín

Antonio Marín is a research associate who has worked in the Latino community for several years and serves as a trusted bridge between community members and service organizations

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