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ARTICLES

Midwifery as established sect: an expanded application of the church–sect continuum

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Pages 101-122 | Received 06 Jul 2007, Published online: 24 Sep 2009
 

Abstract

Based on church–sect theory, this paper asserts that midwifery is much like an established sect in relation to its church equivalent: Western medicine. We find that midwifery can endure in this form – as both protest movement and established institution – because of its ability to maintain its central oppositional values while being accepted as a legitimate, if marginalized, profession. Using interview data from 25 Florida midwives, we draw an analogy between the liminal status of midwifery and three of the most important characteristics of the established sect: limited institutionalization, acceptance and opposition, and a unique value set. This comparison sheds light on both church–sect theory and midwifery, which also leads us to suggest that similar analogies be used for analysis across other sub-fields in sociology.

Cet article se base sur la théorie église–secte pour affirmer que la profession des sages-femmes ressemble à une secte vis-à-vis son équivalent de l’église: la médicine occidentale. On trouve que cette profession peut durer dans sa forme à la fois de mouvement oppositionnel et d'institution etablie grâce à sa capacité de maintenir ses valeurs centraux d'opposition en étant accepté comme une profession légitime, bien que marginalisée. En se servant des informations cueillies de 25 entretiens avec des sages-femmes de la Floride, on développe une analogie entre le statut ambigu des sages-femmes et les trois caractéristiques les plus importantes d'une secte établie: une institutionnalisation limitée, l'acceptation et l'opposition, et un corpus unique de valeurs. Cette comparaison éclaircit et la théorie église–secte et la profession des sages-femmes, ce qui nous mène à suggérer que des analogies similaires pourraient servir à l'analyse d'autres domaines de la sociologie.

Notes

1. The three empirical midwives practiced prior to the 1992 Florida law which made it a felony to practice midwifery without a license. They chose not to become licensed and thus no longer practice, but remain actively involved in the midwifery community as teachers and administrators of midwifery training.

2. Pitocin is a drug that accelerates labor. An epidural is anesthesia administered through a tiny catheter placed in the back, eliminating most of the sensations of labor from the belly to the knees.

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